Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2

SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic na...

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Published inTrends in microbiology (Regular ed.) Vol. 28; no. 8; pp. 605 - 618
Main Authors Wang, Ying-Ting, Landeras-Bueno, Sara, Hsieh, Li-En, Terada, Yutaka, Kim, Kenneth, Ley, Klaus, Shresta, Sujan, Saphire, Erica Ollmann, Regla-Nava, Jose Angel
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2020
Elsevier Science Ltd
The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd
Subjects
Animal models
Animals
Betacoronavirus - chemistry
Betacoronavirus - immunology
coronavirus
Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology
Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control
Coronavirus Infections - therapy
Coronavirus Infections - virology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 infection
Disease Models, Animal
Drug development
Epidemics
Epidemiology
host immune response
Humans
Immune response
Immunology
Innate immunity
microbiology
Outbreaks
pandemic
Pandemics
Pandemics - prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology
Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral - therapy
Pneumonia, Viral - virology
Public health
Respiratory diseases
respiratory tract diseases
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
spike
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Spike protein
therapeutics
travel
Viral diseases
World Health Organization
COVID-19
host immune response
coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
spike
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic–the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat. A substantial body of scientific knowledge has been established from studies on the related SARS- and MERS-CoVs, and their respective diseases. These lessons have started to guide SARS-CoV-2 studies, therapeutics, and vaccinology.The Spike (S) protein is key to CoV infection and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 S protein shows a stronger binding affinity for the host ACE2 receptor and is uniquely cleaved by furin. Some existing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV S protein show cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, raising their therapeutic potential against COVID-19.Immunodominant epitopes identified in SARS-CoV are highly conserved in SARS-CoV-2 and have a high potential to elicit functional T cell responses.Viral inactivation of type I interferon responses contributes to imbalanced host cytokine/chemokine responses that lead to SARS- and MERS-CoV infections and immunopathogenesis.
AbstractList SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic–the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat. A substantial body of scientific knowledge has been established from studies on the related SARS- and MERS-CoVs, and their respective diseases. These lessons have started to guide SARS-CoV-2 studies, therapeutics, and vaccinology.The Spike (S) protein is key to CoV infection and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 S protein shows a stronger binding affinity for the host ACE2 receptor and is uniquely cleaved by furin. Some existing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV S protein show cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, raising their therapeutic potential against COVID-19.Immunodominant epitopes identified in SARS-CoV are highly conserved in SARS-CoV-2 and have a high potential to elicit functional T cell responses.Viral inactivation of type I interferon responses contributes to imbalanced host cytokine/chemokine responses that lead to SARS- and MERS-CoV infections and immunopathogenesis.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat.SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naiveté of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic–the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat. A substantial body of scientific knowledge has been established from studies on the related SARS- and MERS-CoVs, and their respective diseases. These lessons have started to guide SARS-CoV-2 studies, therapeutics, and vaccinology. The Spike (S) protein is key to CoV infection and pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 S protein shows a stronger binding affinity for the host ACE2 receptor and is uniquely cleaved by furin. Some existing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV S protein show cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2, raising their therapeutic potential against COVID-19. Immunodominant epitopes identified in SARS-CoV are highly conserved in SARS-CoV-2 and have a high potential to elicit functional T cell responses. Viral inactivation of type I interferon responses contributes to imbalanced host cytokine/chemokine responses that lead to SARS- and MERS-CoV infections and immunopathogenesis.
Author Landeras-Bueno, Sara
Ley, Klaus
Regla-Nava, Jose Angel
Kim, Kenneth
Shresta, Sujan
Terada, Yutaka
Hsieh, Li-En
Wang, Ying-Ting
Saphire, Erica Ollmann
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Issue 8
Keywords COVID-19
host immune response
coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
pandemic
spike
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
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PublicationTitle Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.)
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Snippet SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming...
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SubjectTerms Animal models
Animals
Betacoronavirus - chemistry
Betacoronavirus - immunology
coronavirus
Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology
Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control
Coronavirus Infections - therapy
Coronavirus Infections - virology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 infection
Disease Models, Animal
Drug development
Epidemics
Epidemiology
host immune response
Humans
Immune response
Immunology
Innate immunity
microbiology
Outbreaks
pandemic
Pandemics
Pandemics - prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology
Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral - therapy
Pneumonia, Viral - virology
Public health
Respiratory diseases
respiratory tract diseases
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
spike
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
Spike protein
therapeutics
travel
Viral diseases
World Health Organization
Title Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0966842X20301384
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.05.012
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32507543
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7237910
Volume 28
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