Role of trophic factors GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in major depressive disorder: A comprehensive review of human studies
The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other...
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| Published in | Journal of affective disorders Vol. 197; pp. 9 - 20 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.06.2016
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0165-0327 1573-2517 1573-2517 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.067 |
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| Abstract | The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved.
The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD.
A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015.
Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls.
GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions.
•In general, MDD patients had low GDNF mRNA and protein levels.•There is an ambiguity about the role of IGF-1 in MDD.•Studies also suggest high VEGF levels in MDD patients. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract Rationale The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. Purpose The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. Methods: A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd , 2015. Results: Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions. Rationale The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. Purpose: The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. Methods: A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015. Results: Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions. The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved.RATIONALEThe neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved.The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD.PURPOSEThe present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD.A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015.METHODSA comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015.Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls.RESULTSMost studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls.GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions.CONCLUSIONSGDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions. The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015. Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions. •In general, MDD patients had low GDNF mRNA and protein levels.•There is an ambiguity about the role of IGF-1 in MDD.•Studies also suggest high VEGF levels in MDD patients. The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates emotion and memory. Notwithstanding this theory has primarily implicated BDNF in the neurobiology of MDD. Recent evidence suggests that other trophic factors namely GDNF, VEGF and IGF-1 may also be involved. The present review aimed to critically summarize evidence regarding changes in GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls. In addition, we also evaluated the role of these mediators as potential treatment response biomarkers for MDD. A comprehensive review of original studies studies measuring peripheral, central or mRNA levels of GDNF, IGF-1 or VEGF in patients with MDD was conducted. The PubMed/MEDLINE database was searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English through June 2nd, 2015. Most studies reported a reduction in peripheral GDNF and its mRNA levels in MDD patients versus controls. In contrast, IGF-1 levels in MDD patients compared to controls were discrepant across studies. Finally, most studies reported high peripheral VEGF levels and mRNA expression in MDD patients compared to healthy controls. GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF levels and their mRNA expression appear to be differentially altered in MDD patients compared to healthy individuals, indicating that these molecules might play an important role in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant action of therapeutic interventions. |
| Author | da Costa e Silva, Bruno Fernando Borges Soares, Jair C. Quevedo, Joao Carvalho, André F. Sharma, Ajaykumar N. |
| AuthorAffiliation | b Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral, Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at, Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA c Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of, Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA e Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences, Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil d Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty, of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: d Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty, of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – name: e Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences, Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil – name: a Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA – name: b Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral, Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at, Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA – name: c Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of, Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Ajaykumar N. surname: Sharma fullname: Sharma, Ajaykumar N. organization: Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Bruno Fernando Borges surname: da Costa e Silva fullname: da Costa e Silva, Bruno Fernando Borges organization: Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Jair C. surname: Soares fullname: Soares, Jair C. organization: Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: André F. surname: Carvalho fullname: Carvalho, André F. organization: Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil – sequence: 5 givenname: Joao surname: Quevedo fullname: Quevedo, Joao email: Joao.L.DeQuevedo@uth.tmc.edu organization: Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77054, USA |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26956384$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that regulates... Abstract Rationale The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain... Rationale The neurotrophin hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) postulates that this illness results from aberrant neurogenesis in brain regions that... |
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| SubjectTerms | Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use Biomarker Biomarkers - metabolism Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Depressive Disorder, Major - metabolism Depressive Disorder, Major - physiopathology Female GDNF Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor - metabolism Humans IGF-1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism Major depressive disorder Male Neurorophin Psychiatry Trophic factors Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - metabolism VEGF |
| Title | Role of trophic factors GDNF, IGF-1 and VEGF in major depressive disorder: A comprehensive review of human studies |
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