Exome sequencing in sporadic autism spectrum disorders identifies severe de novo mutations

• Published in: Nature genetics Vol. 43; no. 6; pp. 585 - 589
• Main Authors: O'Roak, Brian J, Deriziotis, Pelagia, Lee, Choli, Vives, Laura, Schwartz, Jerrod J, Girirajan, Santhosh, Karakoc, Emre, MacKenzie, Alexandra P, Ng, Sarah B, Baker, Carl, Rieder, Mark J, Nickerson, Deborah A, Bernier, Raphael, Fisher, Simon E, Shendure, Jay, Eichler, Evan E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.06.2011; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 631/1647/514/1948; 631/208/2489/144; 631/208/737; 631/378/1689/1373; Adult; Agriculture; Animal Genetics and Genomics; Autism; Biological and medical sciences; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cancer Research; Child; Child clinical studies; Child Development Disorders, Pervasive - genetics; Developmental disorders; Diagnosis; DNA sequencing; Etiology; Exons; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Function; Gene mutations; Genetic aspects; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic testing; Genetics of eukaryotes. Biological and molecular evolution; Genomes; Genomics; Haplotypes; Health aspects; Health risks; Health sciences; Heterogeneity; Human Genetics; Humans; Infantile autism; letter; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mutation; Nucleotide sequencing; Pedigree; Pilot projects; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Risk factors; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Womens health; United States; United Kingdom; Autism; Pervasive developmental disorder; Sporadic; Developmental disorder; Identification; Mutation; Severe; Sequencing; De novo
• ISSN: 1061-4036; 1546-1718; 1546-1718
• DOI: 10.1038/ng.835

Evan Eichler, Jay Shendure and colleagues sequenced the exomes of 20 sporadic cases of autism spectrum disorder and their unaffected parents. They identified potentially causative de novo mutations in four cases, including a frameshift in FOXP1 , a splice-site mutation in GRIN2B and missense variants in SCN1A and LAMC3 . Evidence for the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has consistently pointed to a strong genetic component complicated by substantial locus heterogeneity 1 , 2 . We sequenced the exomes of 20 individuals with sporadic ASD (cases) and their parents, reasoning that these families would be enriched for de novo mutations of major effect. We identified 21 de novo mutations, 11 of which were protein altering. Protein-altering mutations were significantly enriched for changes at highly conserved residues. We identified potentially causative de novo events in 4 out of 20 probands, particularly among more severely affected individuals, in FOXP1 , GRIN2B , SCN1A and LAMC3 . In the FOXP1 mutation carrier, we also observed a rare inherited CNTNAP2 missense variant, and we provide functional support for a multi-hit model for disease risk 3 . Our results show that trio-based exome sequencing is a powerful approach for identifying new candidate genes for ASDs and suggest that de novo mutations may contribute substantially to the genetic etiology of ASDs.