Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears

Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites be...

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Published inScientific reports Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 20323 - 15
Main Authors Ebert, Thomas, Painer, Johanna, Bergman, Peter, Qureshi, Abdul Rashid, Giroud, Sylvain, Stalder, Gabrielle, Kublickiene, Karolina, Göritz, Frank, Vetter, Sebastian, Bieber, Claudia, Fröbert, Ole, Arnemo, Jon M., Zedrosser, Andreas, Redtenbacher, Irene, Shiels, Paul G., Johnson, Richard J., Stenvinkel, Peter
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 23.11.2020
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
631/601
692/4022
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Animal species
Animals
Bears
Betaine
Betaine - blood
Biomimetics
Biomimetics - methods
Captivity
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality
Choline
Choline - blood
Eating behavior
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Hibernation
Hibernation - physiology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Kidney diseases
Lions - blood
Male
Metabolism
Metabolites
Methylamines - blood
Microbiota
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Myoxidae - blood
Prospective Studies
Renal function
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Shunts
Species
Sus scrofa - blood
Tigers - blood
Trimethylamine
Ursidae - blood
Zoologi
Zoology
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
AbstractList Abstract Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
ArticleNumber 20323
Author Ebert, Thomas
Bergman, Peter
Göritz, Frank
Giroud, Sylvain
Arnemo, Jon M.
Zedrosser, Andreas
Qureshi, Abdul Rashid
Johnson, Richard J.
Painer, Johanna
Kublickiene, Karolina
Stalder, Gabrielle
Stenvinkel, Peter
Bieber, Claudia
Vetter, Sebastian
Redtenbacher, Irene
Shiels, Paul G.
Fröbert, Ole
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Snippet Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in...
Abstract Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease...
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SubjectTerms 631/601
692/4022
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Animal species
Animals
Bears
Betaine
Betaine - blood
Biomimetics
Biomimetics - methods
Captivity
Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology
Cardiovascular Diseases - mortality
Choline
Choline - blood
Eating behavior
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Hibernation
Hibernation - physiology
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Kidney diseases
Lions - blood
Male
Metabolism
Metabolites
Methylamines - blood
Microbiota
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Myoxidae - blood
Prospective Studies
Renal function
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - blood
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - complications
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Shunts
Species
Sus scrofa - blood
Tigers - blood
Trimethylamine
Ursidae - blood
Zoologi
Zoology
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Title Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears
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