Long-read sequencing for 29 immune cell subsets reveals disease-linked isoforms

Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This c...

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Published inNature communications Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 4285 - 19
Main Authors Inamo, Jun, Suzuki, Akari, Ueda, Mahoko Takahashi, Yamaguchi, Kensuke, Nishida, Hiroshi, Suzuki, Katsuya, Kaneko, Yuko, Takeuchi, Tsutomu, Hatano, Hiroaki, Ishigaki, Kazuyoshi, Ishihama, Yasushi, Yamamoto, Kazuhiko, Kochi, Yuta
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.05.2024
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ISSN2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI10.1038/s41467-024-48615-4

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Abstract Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer’s disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3’-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing. This paper unveils the complexity of human immune cell splicing, highlighting cell-specific isoforms and establishing connections between alternative splicing and complex traits. These findings have implications for understanding diseases and the evolution of the genome.
AbstractList Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer's disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3'-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.
Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer’s disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3’-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing. This paper unveils the complexity of human immune cell splicing, highlighting cell-specific isoforms and establishing connections between alternative splicing and complex traits. These findings have implications for understanding diseases and the evolution of the genome.
Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer’s disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3’-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.This paper unveils the complexity of human immune cell splicing, highlighting cell-specific isoforms and establishing connections between alternative splicing and complex traits. These findings have implications for understanding diseases and the evolution of the genome.
Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer’s disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3’-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.
Abstract Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer’s disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3’-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.
Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer's disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3'-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing. Here, we generate a full-length isoform annotation of human immune cells from an individual by long-read sequencing for 29 cell subsets. This contains a number of unannotated transcripts and isoforms such as a read-through transcript of TOMM40-APOE in the Alzheimer's disease locus. We profile characteristics of isoforms and show that repetitive elements significantly explain the diversity of unannotated isoforms, providing insight into the human genome evolution. In addition, some of the isoforms are expressed in a cell-type specific manner, whose alternative 3'-UTRs usage contributes to their specificity. Further, we identify disease-associated isoforms by isoform switch analysis and by integration of several quantitative trait loci analyses with genome-wide association study data. Our findings will promote the elucidation of the mechanism of complex diseases via alternative splicing.
ArticleNumber 4285
Author Takeuchi, Tsutomu
Yamaguchi, Kensuke
Inamo, Jun
Kochi, Yuta
Ishigaki, Kazuyoshi
Suzuki, Katsuya
Ishihama, Yasushi
Yamamoto, Kazuhiko
Nishida, Hiroshi
Ueda, Mahoko Takahashi
Kaneko, Yuko
Suzuki, Akari
Hatano, Hiroaki
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38806455$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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  publication-title: Nat. Biotechnol.
  doi: 10.1038/nbt.3519
SSID ssj0000391844
Score 2.4983156
Snippet Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read sequencing....
Abstract Alternative splicing events are a major causal mechanism for complex traits, but they have been understudied due to the limitation of short-read...
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SubjectTerms 3' Untranslated Regions - genetics
38/91
631/208/191/2018
631/250/38
692/4023/1670
Alternative Splicing
Alzheimer Disease - genetics
Alzheimer Disease - immunology
Alzheimer's disease
Annotations
Apolipoprotein E
Complexity
Disease
Evolution
Gene mapping
Genome, Human
Genome-wide association studies
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomes
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune system
Isoforms
Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins
multidisciplinary
Neurodegenerative diseases
Protein Isoforms - genetics
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
Quantitative Trait Loci
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sequences
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Title Long-read sequencing for 29 immune cell subsets reveals disease-linked isoforms
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41467-024-48615-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38806455
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11133395
https://doaj.org/article/101fdd61e5eb484db7b4fe4e81d319d3
Volume 15
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