The history of fluorine and sources of fluorides in the environment
This chapter briefly discusses the historical background, physicochemical properties, and analytical determination of fluorine. The natural sources of fluorides include minerals, rocks and soil, natural waters as well as volcanoes, forest fires and oceans. Also discussed are the eight main sources o...
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Published in | Fluorides in the Environment pp. 1 - 20 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Book Chapter |
Language | English |
Published |
Wallingford, UK
CABI Publishing
2004
CABI |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | This chapter briefly discusses the historical background, physicochemical properties, and analytical determination of fluorine. The natural sources of fluorides include minerals, rocks and soil, natural waters as well as volcanoes, forest fires and oceans. Also discussed are the eight main sources of atmospheric emissions, these are: (i) phosphate fertilizers and elemental phosphorus; (ii) primary aluminium smelting; (iii) hydrofluoric acid (HF) alkylation in petroleum refining; (iv) glass and glassfibre manufacture; (v) brick, tile, pottery and cement manufacture; (vi) iron and steel manufacture; (vii) other industrial uses of HF (i.e. metal cleaning); and (viii) coal combustion. Finally, some examples of accidental releases of HF in oil and petroleum companies located in Texas, California and Arizona, and a uranium-processing plant in Oklahoma (USA) are given showing the causes and the scale of such releases. |
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ISBN: | 9780851996837 0851996833 |
DOI: | 10.1079/9780851996837.0001 |