Associations Between Non-neurological Autoimmune Disorders and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis
A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as det...
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| Published in | Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 85; no. 1; pp. 35 - 48 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.01.2019
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders.
Major databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders.
We observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29–2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62–2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51–1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12–2.10), and Graves’ disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03–1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.84).
While we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association. |
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| AbstractList | AbstractBackgroundA relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders. MethodsMajor databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders. ResultsWe observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected ( I2 = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29–2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62–2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51–1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12–2.10), and Graves’ disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03–1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.84). ConclusionsWhile we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association. A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders. Major databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders. We observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29–2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62–2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51–1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12–2.10), and Graves’ disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03–1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54–0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50–0.84). While we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association. A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders.BACKGROUNDA relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders.Major databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders.METHODSMajor databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders.We observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29-2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62-2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), and Graves' disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.84).RESULTSWe observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29-2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62-2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), and Graves' disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.84).While we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association.CONCLUSIONSWhile we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association. A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted the first meta-analysis examining the association between NNAI disorders and psychosis and investigated the effect of 1) temporality (as determined by study design), 2) psychiatric diagnosis, and 3) specific autoimmune disorders. Major databases were searched for articles published until April 2018; 31 studies, comprising data for >25 million individuals, were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the overall association between all NNAI disorders and psychosis; rheumatoid arthritis was examined separately given the well-established negative association with psychosis. Stratified analyses investigated the effect of temporality, psychiatric diagnosis, and specific NNAI disorders. We observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.41) that was consistent across study designs and psychiatric diagnoses; however, considerable heterogeneity was detected (I = 88.08). Patterns varied across individual NNAI disorders; associations were positive for pernicious anemia (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.29-2.84), pemphigoid (OR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.62-2.24), psoriasis (OR = 1.70; 95% CI, 1.51-1.91), celiac disease (OR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.10), and Graves' disease (OR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.72) and negative for ankylosing spondylitis (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98) and rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.84). While we observed a positive overall association between NNAI disorders and psychosis, this was not consistent across all NNAI disorders. Specific factors, including distinct inflammatory pathways, genetic influences, autoantibodies targeting brain proteins, and exposure to corticosteroid treatment, may therefore underlie this association. |
| Author | Mondelli, Valeria Joyce, Dan W. Kempton, Matthew J. McGuire, Philip Cullen, Alexis E. Holmes, Scarlett Blackman, Graham Murray, Robin M. Pollak, Thomas A. |
| AuthorAffiliation | a Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom b Department of Psychological Medicine, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom c National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: c National Institute for Health Research Maudsley Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – name: a Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – name: b Department of Psychological Medicine, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Alexis E. surname: Cullen fullname: Cullen, Alexis E. email: alexis.cullen@kcl.ac.uk organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Scarlett surname: Holmes fullname: Holmes, Scarlett organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas A. surname: Pollak fullname: Pollak, Thomas A. organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Graham orcidid: 0000-0001-7025-8670 surname: Blackman fullname: Blackman, Graham organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Dan W. surname: Joyce fullname: Joyce, Dan W. organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Matthew J. surname: Kempton fullname: Kempton, Matthew J. organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Robin M. surname: Murray fullname: Murray, Robin M. organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 8 givenname: Philip surname: McGuire fullname: McGuire, Philip organization: Department of Psychosis Studies, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom – sequence: 9 givenname: Valeria orcidid: 0000-0001-8690-6839 surname: Mondelli fullname: Mondelli, Valeria organization: Department of Psychological Medicine, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30122288$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry Society of Biological Psychiatry Copyright © 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry. All rights reserved. 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry |
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| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Psychosis Schizophrenia Autoimmune Inflammation Epidemiology Meta-analysis |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. Copyright © 2018 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 PM and VM contributed equally to this work. |
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| Snippet | A relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to meta-analysis. We conducted... AbstractBackgroundA relationship between non-neurological autoimmune (NNAI) disorders and psychosis has been widely reported but not yet subjected to... |
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| SubjectTerms | Autoantibodies - blood Autoimmune Autoimmune Diseases - complications Autoimmunity Brain - immunology Brain - physiopathology Epidemiology Humans Inflammation Meta-analysis Psychiatric/Mental Health Psychosis Psychotic Disorders - complications Risk Factors Schizophrenia |
| Title | Associations Between Non-neurological Autoimmune Disorders and Psychosis: A Meta-analysis |
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