Assessment of Effective Ankle Joint Positioning in Strength Training for Intrinsic Foot Flexor Muscles: A Comparison of Intrinsic Foot Flexor Muscle Activity in a Position Intermediate to Plantar and Dorsiflexion with that in Maximum Plantar Flexion Using Needle Electromyography
[Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the fl...
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 26; no. 3; pp. 451 - 454 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Japan
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
01.03.2014
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.26.451 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training. |
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| AbstractList | [Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training. [Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training.[Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training. [Purpose] The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. [Methods] We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. [Results] Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training. Purpose: The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. Purpose: The effectiveness of intrinsic foot flexor strength training performed in the plantar flexion position was examined using needle electromyography. Subjects: The subjects of this study were 18 healthy men. Methods: We used needle electromyography to measure the muscle activities of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB), and the flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) in maximum plantar and an intermediate position. Results: Significant increases in muscle activities were observed for both FHB and FDB, and the rates of increase from the intermediate position to the plantar flexion position were 43% for FHB and 46% for FDB. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate intrinsic foot flexors, in addition to the numerous reports on treatment methods focusing on extrinsic foot flexors. Furthermore, the results suggest that toe flexion exercises performed during plantar flexion of the ankle joint are an effective method for intrinsic foot flexor strength training. |
| Author | Hashimoto, Takayuki Sakuraba, Keishoku |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_foot_2022_101945 crossref_primary_10_1177_24730114241266847 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00167_018_5028_x crossref_primary_10_1589_jpts_29_1001 crossref_primary_10_1589_rika_38_444 crossref_primary_10_1589_jpts_27_1795 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msksp_2020_102130 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_020_03503_y |
| Cites_doi | 10.2106/00004623-199274090-00010 10.1177/107110078700700502 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.09.009 10.1097/00003086-197701000-00003 10.1007/s00421-008-0679-9 10.2106/00004623-199502000-00006 10.1302/0301-620X.72B2.2312564 10.2106/00004623-196345060-00006 10.1016/j.math.2010.05.006 10.1093/geronj/48.2.M58 10.2739/kurumemedj.45.75 10.1097/00003086-197907000-00011 10.1053/j.jfas.2003.10.003 10.1097/01.brs.0000234735.98075.50 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.001 10.1007/BF00266887 10.1038/nature08723 10.1097/00003086-197907000-00005 10.1002/bjs.1800680904 10.1242/jeb.01435 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.07.021 10.1136/pgmj.8.86.459 10.1177/036354658601400412 10.1007/978-3-642-91224-5_4 10.1097/00003086-199507000-00022 |
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| References | 23) Perotto AO: Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer: The Limbs and Trunk. Charles C, ed. Thomas Publisher, 2005, pp 120–124. 24) O’Sullivan PB, Dankaerts W, Burnett AF, et al.: Effect of different upright sitting postures on spinalpelvic curvature and trunk muscle actiation in a pain-free population. Spine, 2006, 31: E707–E712. 6) Stokes IA, Hutton WC, Stott JR, et al.: Foeces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1979, 142: 64–72. 14) Ihara H, Miwa M, Takayanagi K: Dynamic joint control training for knee ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med, 1986, 14: 309–315. 17) Ukai T, Hayashi N, Hashimoto T, et al.: Effects of the flexor digitorum longus on peroneus ongus activity. J 8th Cong Soc Rehab Orthopaedics. 2000, 6: 40–43. 16) Hayashi N, Ukai T, Hashimoto T, et al.: Effects of insole on the intrinsic flexor’s strength. Bull Jpn Soc Prosthet Orthot Educ Res Dev,2000, 16: 94–95. 29) Basmajian JV, Stecko G: The role of muscles in arch support of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1963, 45: 1184–1190. 12) Groiso JA: Juvenile hallux valus. A conservative approach to treatment. J Bone Joint Surg, 1992, 74-A: 1367–1374. 11) Hohmann G: Der Hallux Valgus und die vebrigen Zchenverkruemmungen. Ergeb Chir Orthop, 1925, 18: 308–376. 31) Suzuki R: Functional of the leg and foot muscles from the viewpoint of the electromyogram. J Jpn Orthop Surg Soc,1956, 30: 67–78. 9) Lieberman DE, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, et al.: Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature, 2010, 463: 531–535. 7) Hutton WC, Dhanendran M: A Study of the distribution of load under the normal foot during walking. Int Orthop, 1979, 3: 153–157. 33) Mann RA, Hagy DL, Dyski M: The function of the toes in walking, jogging and running. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1979, 142: 24–29. 4) Lambrinudi C: Use and abuse of toes Postgrade. Med J,1932, 8: 459–464. 5) Hughes J, Clark P, Klenerman L: The importance of the toes in walking. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1990, 72: 245–251. 19) Fiolkowski P, Brunt D, Bishop M, et al.: Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2003, 42: 327–333. 13) Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Kumai T, et al.: Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus. A two dimensional coordinate system. J Bone Joint Surg, 1995, 77: 205–213. 27) Cavanagh PR, Rodgers MM, Liboshi A: Pressure distribution under symptom-free during barefoot standing. Foot Ankle, 1987, 7: 262–276. 3) Rouhani H: Ambulatory measurement of ankle kinetics for clinical applications. J Biomech,2011, 44: 2712–2718. 21) Wu L: Nonlinear finite element analysis for musculoskeletal biomechanics of medial and lateral plantar longitudinal arch of Virtual Chinese Human after plantar ligamentous structure failures. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2007, 22: 221–229. 8) Ctercteko GC, Dhanendran M, Hutton WC, et al.: Vertical Forces Acting on the Feet of Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic Ulceration. Br J Surg, 1981, 68: 608–614. 28) Umeki Y: Static results of medial foot arch. J Jpn Orthop Assoc, 1991, 65: 41–51. 30) Thordarson DB, Schmotzer H, Chon J, et al.: Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch: a biomechanical evaluation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1995, 316: 165–172. 15) Hayashi N, Ukai T, Ohtake N, et al.: The relationship between the metatarsal arch and toe flexor strength. Hakkai Seikei Geka Rihabiriteishon Kenkyuukaishi.2000, 6: 9–12. 18) Blanpied P, Smidt GL: The difference in stiffness of the active plantarflexors between young and elderly human females. J Gerontol, 1993, 48: M58–M63. 32) Rabita G, Couturier A, Lambertz D: Influence of training background on the relationships between plantarflexor intrinsic stiffness and overall musculoskeletal stiffness during hopping. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2008, 103: 163–171. 20) Neptune RR, Sasaki K: Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition. J Exp Biol, 2005, 208: 799–808. 22) Hashimoto T, Sakuraba K: Intrinsic foot flexor strength training: verifying the effects on strength, foot arch, and dynamic test items. Jpn J Orthop Sports Med.2011, 31: 149–154. 25) Bjerkefors A, Ekblom MM, Josefsson K, et al.: Deep and superficial abdominal muscle activation during trunk stabilization exercises with and without instruction to hollow. Man Ther, 2010, 15: 502–507. 34) Nistor L, Markhede G, Grimby G: A technique for measurements of plantar flexion torque with the Cybex dynamometer. Scand J Rehabil Med, 1982, 14: 163–166. 26) Ukai T, Hayashi N, Hashimoto T, et al.: The effects of taping on stride length. Rigaku Ryohougaku, 2000, 27: 217. 1) Miyazaki K: Impact loading on the foot and ankle and its attenuation during level walking. Kurume Med J, 1998, 45: 75–80. 2) Dixon PC, Böhm H, Döderlein L: Ankle and midfoot kinetics during normal gait: a multi-segment approach. J Biomech,2012, 45: 1011–1016. 10) Morris JM: Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop, 1977, 122: 10–17. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 10 32 11 33 12 34 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 21 |
| References_xml | – reference: 9) Lieberman DE, Venkadesan M, Werbel WA, et al.: Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature, 2010, 463: 531–535. – reference: 20) Neptune RR, Sasaki K: Ankle plantar flexor force production is an important determinant of the preferred walk-to-run transition. J Exp Biol, 2005, 208: 799–808. – reference: 3) Rouhani H: Ambulatory measurement of ankle kinetics for clinical applications. J Biomech,2011, 44: 2712–2718. – reference: 11) Hohmann G: Der Hallux Valgus und die vebrigen Zchenverkruemmungen. Ergeb Chir Orthop, 1925, 18: 308–376. – reference: 5) Hughes J, Clark P, Klenerman L: The importance of the toes in walking. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1990, 72: 245–251. – reference: 14) Ihara H, Miwa M, Takayanagi K: Dynamic joint control training for knee ligament injuries. Am J Sports Med, 1986, 14: 309–315. – reference: 23) Perotto AO: Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer: The Limbs and Trunk. Charles C, ed. Thomas Publisher, 2005, pp 120–124. – reference: 21) Wu L: Nonlinear finite element analysis for musculoskeletal biomechanics of medial and lateral plantar longitudinal arch of Virtual Chinese Human after plantar ligamentous structure failures. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon), 2007, 22: 221–229. – reference: 8) Ctercteko GC, Dhanendran M, Hutton WC, et al.: Vertical Forces Acting on the Feet of Diabetic Patients with Neuropathic Ulceration. Br J Surg, 1981, 68: 608–614. – reference: 19) Fiolkowski P, Brunt D, Bishop M, et al.: Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study. J Foot Ankle Surg, 2003, 42: 327–333. – reference: 33) Mann RA, Hagy DL, Dyski M: The function of the toes in walking, jogging and running. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1979, 142: 24–29. – reference: 13) Tanaka Y, Takakura Y, Kumai T, et al.: Radiographic analysis of hallux valgus. A two dimensional coordinate system. J Bone Joint Surg, 1995, 77: 205–213. – reference: 28) Umeki Y: Static results of medial foot arch. J Jpn Orthop Assoc, 1991, 65: 41–51. – reference: 6) Stokes IA, Hutton WC, Stott JR, et al.: Foeces under the hallux valgus foot before and after surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1979, 142: 64–72. – reference: 32) Rabita G, Couturier A, Lambertz D: Influence of training background on the relationships between plantarflexor intrinsic stiffness and overall musculoskeletal stiffness during hopping. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2008, 103: 163–171. – reference: 4) Lambrinudi C: Use and abuse of toes Postgrade. Med J,1932, 8: 459–464. – reference: 10) Morris JM: Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. Clin Orthop, 1977, 122: 10–17. – reference: 18) Blanpied P, Smidt GL: The difference in stiffness of the active plantarflexors between young and elderly human females. J Gerontol, 1993, 48: M58–M63. – reference: 7) Hutton WC, Dhanendran M: A Study of the distribution of load under the normal foot during walking. Int Orthop, 1979, 3: 153–157. – reference: 29) Basmajian JV, Stecko G: The role of muscles in arch support of the foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1963, 45: 1184–1190. – reference: 2) Dixon PC, Böhm H, Döderlein L: Ankle and midfoot kinetics during normal gait: a multi-segment approach. J Biomech,2012, 45: 1011–1016. – reference: 1) Miyazaki K: Impact loading on the foot and ankle and its attenuation during level walking. Kurume Med J, 1998, 45: 75–80. – reference: 31) Suzuki R: Functional of the leg and foot muscles from the viewpoint of the electromyogram. J Jpn Orthop Surg Soc,1956, 30: 67–78. – reference: 15) Hayashi N, Ukai T, Ohtake N, et al.: The relationship between the metatarsal arch and toe flexor strength. Hakkai Seikei Geka Rihabiriteishon Kenkyuukaishi.2000, 6: 9–12. – reference: 16) Hayashi N, Ukai T, Hashimoto T, et al.: Effects of insole on the intrinsic flexor’s strength. Bull Jpn Soc Prosthet Orthot Educ Res Dev,2000, 16: 94–95. – reference: 17) Ukai T, Hayashi N, Hashimoto T, et al.: Effects of the flexor digitorum longus on peroneus ongus activity. J 8th Cong Soc Rehab Orthopaedics. 2000, 6: 40–43. – reference: 27) Cavanagh PR, Rodgers MM, Liboshi A: Pressure distribution under symptom-free during barefoot standing. Foot Ankle, 1987, 7: 262–276. – reference: 12) Groiso JA: Juvenile hallux valus. A conservative approach to treatment. J Bone Joint Surg, 1992, 74-A: 1367–1374. – reference: 24) O’Sullivan PB, Dankaerts W, Burnett AF, et al.: Effect of different upright sitting postures on spinalpelvic curvature and trunk muscle actiation in a pain-free population. Spine, 2006, 31: E707–E712. – reference: 25) Bjerkefors A, Ekblom MM, Josefsson K, et al.: Deep and superficial abdominal muscle activation during trunk stabilization exercises with and without instruction to hollow. Man Ther, 2010, 15: 502–507. – reference: 22) Hashimoto T, Sakuraba K: Intrinsic foot flexor strength training: verifying the effects on strength, foot arch, and dynamic test items. Jpn J Orthop Sports Med.2011, 31: 149–154. – reference: 26) Ukai T, Hayashi N, Hashimoto T, et al.: The effects of taping on stride length. Rigaku Ryohougaku, 2000, 27: 217. – reference: 30) Thordarson DB, Schmotzer H, Chon J, et al.: Dynamic support of the human longitudinal arch: a biomechanical evaluation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1995, 316: 165–172. – reference: 34) Nistor L, Markhede G, Grimby G: A technique for measurements of plantar flexion torque with the Cybex dynamometer. Scand J Rehabil Med, 1982, 14: 163–166. – ident: 12 doi: 10.2106/00004623-199274090-00010 – ident: 27 doi: 10.1177/107110078700700502 – ident: 21 doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2006.09.009 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1097/00003086-197701000-00003 – ident: 32 doi: 10.1007/s00421-008-0679-9 – ident: 16 – ident: 31 – ident: 13 doi: 10.2106/00004623-199502000-00006 – ident: 28 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.72B2.2312564 – ident: 29 doi: 10.2106/00004623-196345060-00006 – ident: 25 doi: 10.1016/j.math.2010.05.006 – ident: 18 doi: 10.1093/geronj/48.2.M58 – ident: 1 doi: 10.2739/kurumemedj.45.75 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1097/00003086-197907000-00011 – ident: 19 doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2003.10.003 – ident: 26 – ident: 24 doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000234735.98075.50 – ident: 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.001 – ident: 22 – ident: 17 – ident: 7 doi: 10.1007/BF00266887 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1038/nature08723 – ident: 33 doi: 10.1097/00003086-197907000-00005 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800680904 – ident: 34 – ident: 15 – ident: 20 doi: 10.1242/jeb.01435 – ident: 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.07.021 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1136/pgmj.8.86.459 – ident: 14 doi: 10.1177/036354658601400412 – ident: 11 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-91224-5_4 – ident: 30 doi: 10.1097/00003086-199507000-00022 – ident: 23 |
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| Title | Assessment of Effective Ankle Joint Positioning in Strength Training for Intrinsic Foot Flexor Muscles: A Comparison of Intrinsic Foot Flexor Muscle Activity in a Position Intermediate to Plantar and Dorsiflexion with that in Maximum Plantar Flexion Using Needle Electromyography |
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