shifting baseline of northern fur seal ecology in the northeast Pacific Ocean
Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sit...
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| Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 104; no. 23; pp. 9709 - 9714 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
05.06.2007
National Acad Sciences |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period [almost equal to]200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at [almost equal to]800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS;
Callorhinus ursinus
) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period ≈200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at ≈800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period ≈200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at ≈800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus ) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period ≈200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at ≈800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. Callorhinus ursinus historic ecology stable isotopes zooarchaeology ancient DNA Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period ...200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at ...800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. (ProQuest-CSA LLC: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period approximately 200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at approximately 800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period [almost equal to]200 years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at [almost equal to]800 years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. Historical data provide a baseline against which to judge the significance of recent ecological shifts and guide conservation strategies, especially for species decimated by pre-20th century harvesting. Northern fur seals (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) are a common pinniped species in archaeological sites from southern California to the Aleutian Islands, yet today they breed almost exclusively on offshore islands at high latitudes. Harvest profiles from archaeological sites contain many unweaned pups, confirming the presence of temperate-latitude breeding colonies in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutian Islands. Isotopic results suggest that prehistoric NFS fed offshore across their entire range, that California populations were distinct from populations to the north, and that populations breeding at temperate latitudes in the past used a different reproductive strategy than modern populations. The extinction of temperate-latitude breeding populations was asynchronous geographically. In southern California, the Pacific Northwest, and the eastern Aleutians, NFS remained abundant in the archaeological record up to the historical period ... years B.P.; thus their regional collapse is plausibly attributed to historical hunting or some other anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance. In contrast, NFS populations in central and northern California collapsed at ... years B.P., long before European contact. The relative roles of human hunting versus climatic factors in explaining this ecological shift are unclear, as more paleoclimate information is needed from the coastal zone. (ProQuest-CSA LLC: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.) |
| Author | Phillips, Donald L van Tuinen, Marcel Kennett, Douglas J Newsome, Seth D Guilderson, Tom P Koch, Paul L Costa, Daniel P Hadly, Elizabeth A Gifford-Gonzalez, Diane Etnier, Michael A |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17526720$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Author contributions: S.D.N., M.A.E., D.G.-G., and P.L.K. designed research; S.D.N., M.A.E., D.G.-G., D.J.K., and M.v.T. performed research; D.L.P., M.v.T., E.A.H., and T.P.G. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.D.N., M.A.E., D.G.-G., D.L.P., M.v.T., E.A.H., D.P.C., D.J.K., T.P.G., and P.L.K. analyzed data; and S.D.N. wrote the paper. Edited by Jane Lubchenco, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, and approved March 27, 2007 |
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| References_xml | – start-page: 9 volume-title: Status, Biology, and Ecology of Fur Seals: Proceedings of an International Symposium and Workshop year: 1987 ident: e_1_3_4_33_2 contributor: fullname: York AE – start-page: 1414 volume-title: Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_4_19_2 contributor: fullname: Perrin W – ident: e_1_3_4_24_2 doi: 10.1006/mpev.2001.1012 – ident: e_1_3_4_6_2 doi: 10.1006/jaar.1995.1003 – start-page: 374 volume-title: The War Against the Seals: A History of the North American Seal Fishery year: 1985 ident: e_1_3_4_30_2 contributor: fullname: Busch B – volume-title: Opportunistic Feeding of the Northern Fur Seal, Callorhinus ursinus, in the Eastern North Pacific and Eastern Bering Sea year: 1994 ident: e_1_3_4_10_2 contributor: fullname: Kajimura H – ident: e_1_3_4_34_2 doi: 10.1038/369546a0 – volume-title: Behavior and Ecology of the Northern Fur Seal year: 1998 ident: e_1_3_4_4_2 contributor: fullname: Gentry R – ident: e_1_3_4_7_2 – start-page: 247 volume-title: Pinnipeds and El Niño year: 1991 ident: e_1_3_4_26_2 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-76398-4_27 contributor: fullname: Trillmich F – start-page: 137 volume-title: Fundamental Aspects of Malignant and Normal Growth year: 1960 ident: e_1_3_4_43_2 contributor: fullname: von Bertalanffy L – volume: 99 start-page: 615 year: 1999 ident: e_1_3_4_11_2 publication-title: Dynamics of the Bering Sea: A Summary of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics, and a Synopsis of Research on the Bering Sea contributor: fullname: Loughlin TR – volume-title: An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements year: 1997 ident: e_1_3_4_44_2 contributor: fullname: Taylor J – start-page: 51 volume-title: Fur Seal Investigations, 2000–2001 year: 2002 ident: e_1_3_4_27_2 contributor: fullname: Melin S – ident: e_1_3_4_1_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1059199 – volume-title: Archaeology in the Aleut Zone of Alaska year: 2001 ident: e_1_3_4_46_2 contributor: fullname: Knecht R – ident: e_1_3_4_32_2 doi: 10.2307/2694115 – start-page: 19 volume-title: The Exploitation and Cultural Importance of Sea Mammals year: 2005 ident: e_1_3_4_8_2 contributor: fullname: Gifford-Gonzalez D – ident: e_1_3_4_45_2 doi: 10.1093/jhered/esh018 – ident: e_1_3_4_9_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00026.x – ident: e_1_3_4_25_2 doi: 10.1515/9781400854691 – ident: e_1_3_4_36_2 doi: 10.1017/S0033822200044118 – ident: e_1_3_4_40_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1992.tb00124.x – ident: e_1_3_4_2_2 doi: 10.1126/science.1122667 – volume: 66 start-page: 293 year: 1993 ident: e_1_3_4_29_2 publication-title: Symp Zool Soc London contributor: fullname: Costa D – volume: 10 start-page: 181 year: 1938 ident: e_1_3_4_42_2 publication-title: Hum Biol contributor: fullname: von Bertalanffy L – ident: e_1_3_4_3_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01282.x – ident: e_1_3_4_17_2 doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(00)00039-X – ident: e_1_3_4_5_2 doi: 10.1016/0278-4165(92)90013-2 – ident: e_1_3_4_18_2 doi: 10.1007/s004420100631 – ident: e_1_3_4_31_2 doi: 10.2307/2694065 – ident: e_1_3_4_15_2 doi: 10.1007/s004420050822 – ident: e_1_3_4_21_2 doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00084-3 – ident: e_1_3_4_35_2 doi: 10.1029/2002PA000768 – volume: 18 start-page: 388 year: 1983 ident: e_1_3_4_28_2 publication-title: S Afr J Zool contributor: fullname: Kerley G – ident: e_1_3_4_12_2 doi: 10.1038/219899a0 – ident: e_1_3_4_41_2 doi: 10.1139/f81-153 – ident: e_1_3_4_39_2 doi: 10.2307/1375858 – ident: e_1_3_4_14_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.1997.tb00615.x – volume: 24 start-page: 318 year: 1981 ident: e_1_3_4_13_2 publication-title: Arctic contributor: fullname: Lloyd DS – ident: e_1_3_4_22_2 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00043.x – ident: e_1_3_4_23_2 doi: 10.2307/1369361 – ident: e_1_3_4_16_2 doi: 10.1029/93GB03272 – ident: e_1_3_4_37_2 doi: 10.1017/S0033822200013904 – ident: e_1_3_4_38_2 – ident: e_1_3_4_20_2 doi: 10.3354/meps162011 |
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| SubjectTerms | Age Determination by Skeleton Age structure Analysis of Variance Animal populations Animal reproduction Animals Archaeological sites Archaeology Base Sequence Biological Sciences Bone and Bones - chemistry Bones Breeding Callorhinus ursinus Carbon Isotopes - analysis Climate Cluster Analysis Collagen - analysis Conservation of Natural Resources Demography DNA Primers Ecology Extinction, Biological Fossils Fur Seals - physiology Geography Isotopes Likelihood Functions Marine Marine ecology Marine mammals Models, Genetic Molecular Sequence Data Nitrogen Isotopes - analysis Pacific Ocean Phylogeny Physical Sciences Pinnipedia Population Dynamics Population ecology Pups Radiocarbon Reproduction - physiology Seals Seas Sequence Analysis, DNA |
| Title | shifting baseline of northern fur seal ecology in the northeast Pacific Ocean |
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