An Approach to Assessment of the Fall Risk for the Elderly by Probe Reaction Time during Walking
[Purpose] This study examined physical and cognitive factors associated with falls by the elderly. The authors hypothesized that, elderly people who experienced at least one fall in the past 12 months would show delayed probe reaction time (P-RT) during walking compared with elderly people with no h...
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| Published in | Journal of Physical Therapy Science Vol. 21; no. 4; pp. 311 - 316 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
2009
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0915-5287 2187-5626 |
| DOI | 10.1589/jpts.21.311 |
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| Abstract | [Purpose] This study examined physical and cognitive factors associated with falls by the elderly. The authors hypothesized that, elderly people who experienced at least one fall in the past 12 months would show delayed probe reaction time (P-RT) during walking compared with elderly people with no history of falls. [Subjects] The subjects were 101 elderly people (27 males, 74 females), and the subjects were divided into two groups: a Fall group and a No-fall group. [Methods] We evaluated the probe reaction time, Trail Marking Test Part-A (TMT-A), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), walking speeds at a self- determined pace, and the gait cycle time. [Results] The Fall group showed longer P-RT, TMT-A, TUG times and slower walking speeds than the No-fall group and its coefficient of variation (CV) of the time for a gait cycle was increased. In logistic regression analysis with fall as the dependent variable, the probe reaction time was identified as an significant factor, and the cut-off value of the probe reaction time was 406 ms as evaluated by the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (ROC) curve. [Conclusion] It was found that probe reaction time is both reliable and useful for the evaluation of the fall risk for the elderly. |
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| AbstractList | Purpose: This study examined physical and cognitive factors associated with falls by the elderly. The authors hypothesized that, elderly people who experienced at least one fall in the past 12 months would show delayed probe reaction time (P-RT) during walking compared with elderly people with no history of falls. Subjects: The subjects were 101 elderly people (27 males, 74 females), and the subjects were divided into two groups: a Fall group and a No-fall group. Methods: We evaluated the probe reaction time, Trail Marking Test Part-A (TMT-A), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), walking speeds at a self-determined pace, and the gait cycle time. Results: The Fall group showed longer P-RT, TMT-A, TUG times and slower walking speeds than the No-fall group and its coefficient of variation (CV) of the time for a gait cycle was increased. In logistic regression analysis with fall as the dependent variable, the probe reaction time was identified as an significant factor, and the cut-off value of the probe reaction time was 406 ms as evaluated by the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (ROC) curve. Conclusion: It was found that probe reaction time is both reliable and useful for the evaluation of the fall risk for the elderly. [Purpose] This study examined physical and cognitive factors associated with falls by the elderly. The authors hypothesized that, elderly people who experienced at least one fall in the past 12 months would show delayed probe reaction time (P-RT) during walking compared with elderly people with no history of falls. [Subjects] The subjects were 101 elderly people (27 males, 74 females), and the subjects were divided into two groups: a Fall group and a No-fall group. [Methods] We evaluated the probe reaction time, Trail Marking Test Part-A (TMT-A), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), walking speeds at a self- determined pace, and the gait cycle time. [Results] The Fall group showed longer P-RT, TMT-A, TUG times and slower walking speeds than the No-fall group and its coefficient of variation (CV) of the time for a gait cycle was increased. In logistic regression analysis with fall as the dependent variable, the probe reaction time was identified as an significant factor, and the cut-off value of the probe reaction time was 406 ms as evaluated by the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (ROC) curve. [Conclusion] It was found that probe reaction time is both reliable and useful for the evaluation of the fall risk for the elderly. [Purpose] This study examined physical and cognitive factors associated with falls by the elderly. The authors hypothesized that, elderly people who experienced at least one fall in the past 12 months would show delayed probe reaction time (P-RT) during walking compared with elderly people with no history of falls. [Subjects] The subjects were 101 elderly people (27 males, 74 females), and the subjects were divided into two groups： a Fall group and a No-fall group. [Methods] We evaluated the probe reaction time, Trail Marking Test Part-A (TMT-A), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), walking speeds at a self-determined pace, and the gait cycle time. [Results] The Fall group showed longer P-RT, TMT-A, TUG times and slower walking speeds than the No-fall group and its coefficient of variation (CV) of the time for a gait cycle was increased. In logistic regression analysis with fall as the dependent variable, the probe reaction time was identified as an significant factor, and the cut-off value of the probe reaction time was 406 ms as evaluated by the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic (ROC) curve. [Conclusion] It was found that probe reaction time is both reliable and useful for the evaluation of the fall risk for the elderly. |
| Author | Akiyama, Sumikazu Hu, Ming Maruyama, Hitoshi |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1589/rika1986.8.135 10.1016/0887-6177(91)90002-Q 10.1093/ptj/80.9.896 10.1093/gerona/56.8.M489 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24009-2 10.1519/00139143-200124010-00001 10.1093/ptj/83.3.237 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06218.x 10.1589/rika.14.139 10.1093/gerona/56.10.M627 |
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| References | 5) Stephen RL, Richard CF: Choice stepping reaction time: a composite measure of falls risk in older people. J Gerontol Med Sci, 2001, 56: 627-632. 1) Izumi K: Fall prevention based on evidence. Tokyo: Nakayama-shoten, 2005. 8) Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, et al.: Physiological factors associated with fall in older community-dwelling women. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1994, 42: 1110-1117. 13) Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M: Prediting the probability for fall in community- dwelling older adults using the timed up & Go test. Phys Ther, 2000, 80: 896-903. 4) Trueblood PR, Hodson-Chennault N: Performance and impairment-based assessments among community dwelling elderly: sensitivity and specificity. Issues on Aging, 2001, 24: 2-6. 9) Podsiadlo D, Richardson S: The timed "up & go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1991, 39: 142-148. 3) Stephen RL, Hylton BM: A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther, 2003, 83: 237-253. 2) Mano Y: Koreisha no tento to sonotaisaku. Tokyo: Ishiyaku, 2003. 7) Kurosawa K: Movement analysis, analysis based on the reaction time. Rigaku Ryoho No Tameno Undo Seiri, 1993, 8: 135-140(in Japanese). 10) Heibronner RL, Henry GK: Lateralized brain damage and performance on trail marking A and B, digit span forward and backward, and TPT memory and location. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 1991, 6: 251-258. 14) Kubo A: The old age person's fall. Rigakuryouho Kagaku, 1999,14: 139-42(in Japanese). 11) Nakamura R: Clinical kinesiology. Tokyo: Ishiyaku, 2002, p294. 6) Brauer S, Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A: The Interacting effects of cognitive demand and recovery of postural stability in balance-impaired elderly persons. J Gerontol Med Sci, 2001, 56: M489-M496. 12) Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y: "Stops walking when talking" as a predictor of fall in elderly people [letter]. Lancet, 1997, 349: 617. 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
| References_xml | – reference: 1) Izumi K: Fall prevention based on evidence. Tokyo: Nakayama-shoten, 2005. – reference: 10) Heibronner RL, Henry GK: Lateralized brain damage and performance on trail marking A and B, digit span forward and backward, and TPT memory and location. Arch Clin Neuropsychol, 1991, 6: 251-258. – reference: 11) Nakamura R: Clinical kinesiology. Tokyo: Ishiyaku, 2002, p294. – reference: 8) Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, et al.: Physiological factors associated with fall in older community-dwelling women. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1994, 42: 1110-1117. – reference: 3) Stephen RL, Hylton BM: A physiological profile approach to falls risk assessment and prevention. Phys Ther, 2003, 83: 237-253. – reference: 4) Trueblood PR, Hodson-Chennault N: Performance and impairment-based assessments among community dwelling elderly: sensitivity and specificity. Issues on Aging, 2001, 24: 2-6. – reference: 2) Mano Y: Koreisha no tento to sonotaisaku. Tokyo: Ishiyaku, 2003. – reference: 14) Kubo A: The old age person's fall. Rigakuryouho Kagaku, 1999,14: 139-42(in Japanese). – reference: 9) Podsiadlo D, Richardson S: The timed "up & go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1991, 39: 142-148. – reference: 5) Stephen RL, Richard CF: Choice stepping reaction time: a composite measure of falls risk in older people. J Gerontol Med Sci, 2001, 56: 627-632. – reference: 6) Brauer S, Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A: The Interacting effects of cognitive demand and recovery of postural stability in balance-impaired elderly persons. J Gerontol Med Sci, 2001, 56: M489-M496. – reference: 13) Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M: Prediting the probability for fall in community- dwelling older adults using the timed up & Go test. Phys Ther, 2000, 80: 896-903. – reference: 7) Kurosawa K: Movement analysis, analysis based on the reaction time. Rigaku Ryoho No Tameno Undo Seiri, 1993, 8: 135-140(in Japanese). – reference: 12) Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y: "Stops walking when talking" as a predictor of fall in elderly people [letter]. Lancet, 1997, 349: 617. – ident: 2 – ident: 7 doi: 10.1589/rika1986.8.135 – ident: 10 doi: 10.1016/0887-6177(91)90002-Q – ident: 13 doi: 10.1093/ptj/80.9.896 – ident: 1 – ident: 6 doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.8.M489 – ident: 11 – ident: 9 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x – ident: 12 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)24009-2 – ident: 4 doi: 10.1519/00139143-200124010-00001 – ident: 3 doi: 10.1093/ptj/83.3.237 – ident: 8 doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06218.x – ident: 14 doi: 10.1589/rika.14.139 – ident: 5 doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.10.M627 |
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| Title | An Approach to Assessment of the Fall Risk for the Elderly by Probe Reaction Time during Walking |
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