Blunt thoracic aortic injury – concepts and management

Background Blunt thoracic aortic injury, a life-threatening concern, remains the second most common cause of mortality among all non-penetrating traumatic injuries, second only to intracranial hemorrhage. Kinetic forces from the rapid deceleration are the impetus for the injury mechanism and are gra...

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Published inJournal of cardiothoracic surgery Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 62 - 8
Main Authors Mouawad, Nicolas J., Paulisin, Joseph, Hofmeister, Stephen, Thomas, Matthew B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 19.04.2020
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
Subjects
Aorta
Aorta, Thoracic - diagnostic imaging
Aorta, Thoracic - injuries
Aortic injury
Blunt thoracic trauma
Cardiac Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging
Endovascular Procedures - adverse effects
Endovascular Procedures - methods
Epidemiology
Esmolol
Health aspects
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Mortality
Postoperative Complications
Review
TEVAR
Thoracic Surgery
Trauma
Treatment Outcome
Wounds, Nonpenetrating - diagnostic imaging
Wounds, Nonpenetrating - etiology
Wounds, Nonpenetrating - surgery
Aorta
Aortic injury
Trauma
TEVAR
Blunt thoracic trauma
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ISSN1749-8090
1749-8090
DOI10.1186/s13019-020-01101-6

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Summary:Background Blunt thoracic aortic injury, a life-threatening concern, remains the second most common cause of mortality among all non-penetrating traumatic injuries, second only to intracranial hemorrhage. Kinetic forces from the rapid deceleration are the impetus for the injury mechanism and are graded accordingly. Given the prevalence of trauma as a public health problem, contemporary management considerations are important. Main body Blunt thoracic aortic injury may be fatal if not diagnosed and treated expeditiously. Endovascular options allow safe and effective management of these dangerous injuries. This paper describes the overview of blunt thoracic aortic trauma, the epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options with a focus on endovascular management. Conclusion Blunt thoracic aortic injury requires a high index of suspicion based on mechanism of injury in the trauma population. Endovascular options have become the mainstay of blunt thoracic aortic injury treatment whenever feasible with satisfactory results and long-term outcomes.
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ISSN:1749-8090
1749-8090
DOI:10.1186/s13019-020-01101-6