Different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects: Antecedent configurations and performance implications of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises——Evidence from Chinese listed companies

The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development. Identifying effective strategies to accelerate the digital transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises is essential for their upgrading...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 20; no. 5; p. e0323130
Main Authors Shi, Bingxiao, Mou, Chunlan, Zhang, Yiwen, Cui, Tiantian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 29.05.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Biology and Life Sciences
Business operations
China
Comparative analysis
Configuration management
Costs
Decision making
Digital Technology
Digital transformation
Drug development
Drug Industry - economics
Drug Industry - organization & administration
Effectiveness
Empowerment
Engineering and technology
Genetic transformation
Health aspects
Industry analysis
Innovations
Manufacturing
Manufacturing industry
Medical innovations
Medical laboratory technology
Medical technology
Medicine and Health Sciences
People and Places
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceuticals
Precision medicine
Qualitative analysis
R&D
Research & development
Social Sciences
Strategic planning
Sustainable development
China
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Abstract The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development. Identifying effective strategies to accelerate the digital transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises is essential for their upgrading and sustainable growth. This study adopts a configurational perspective, drawing on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework. It integrates fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the driving pathways of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and further analyzes how distinct configurations influence firm performance. The research findings reveal three pathways to achieving a high level of digital transformation: “opportunity-perception”, “predatory-competition”, and “innovation-fueled”. However, there is significant variability in the impact of these three pathways on firm performance. These pathways collectively exemplify the concept of “different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects”. Sample enterprises exhibit inadequate investment in digital technology innovation; enterprise size, executives’ risk appetite and government support intensity emerge as significant facilitators of the digital transformation process within pharmaceutical manufacturing firms, while technological integration capabilities positively enhance the effectiveness of this transformation; An overreliance on the external environment will constrain the innovation autonomy of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises during digital transformation and hinder the scale effects of these enterprises. The conclusion offers pragmatic guidance for pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises without digital technology innovation capabilities to select suitable digital transformation strategies to enhance enterprise performance.
AbstractList The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development. Identifying effective strategies to accelerate the digital transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises is essential for their upgrading and sustainable growth. This study adopts a configurational perspective, drawing on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework. It integrates fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the driving pathways of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and further analyzes how distinct configurations influence firm performance. The research findings reveal three pathways to achieving a high level of digital transformation: “opportunity-perception”, “predatory-competition”, and “innovation-fueled”. However, there is significant variability in the impact of these three pathways on firm performance. These pathways collectively exemplify the concept of “different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects”. Sample enterprises exhibit inadequate investment in digital technology innovation; enterprise size, executives’ risk appetite and government support intensity emerge as significant facilitators of the digital transformation process within pharmaceutical manufacturing firms, while technological integration capabilities positively enhance the effectiveness of this transformation; An overreliance on the external environment will constrain the innovation autonomy of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises during digital transformation and hinder the scale effects of these enterprises. The conclusion offers pragmatic guidance for pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises without digital technology innovation capabilities to select suitable digital transformation strategies to enhance enterprise performance.
The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development. Identifying effective strategies to accelerate the digital transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises is essential for their upgrading and sustainable growth. This study adopts a configurational perspective, drawing on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework. It integrates fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the driving pathways of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and further analyzes how distinct configurations influence firm performance. The research findings reveal three pathways to achieving a high level of digital transformation: "opportunity-perception", "predatory-competition", and "innovation-fueled". However, there is significant variability in the impact of these three pathways on firm performance. These pathways collectively exemplify the concept of "different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects". Sample enterprises exhibit inadequate investment in digital technology innovation; enterprise size, executives' risk appetite and government support intensity emerge as significant facilitators of the digital transformation process within pharmaceutical manufacturing firms, while technological integration capabilities positively enhance the effectiveness of this transformation; An overreliance on the external environment will constrain the innovation autonomy of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises during digital transformation and hinder the scale effects of these enterprises. The conclusion offers pragmatic guidance for pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises without digital technology innovation capabilities to select suitable digital transformation strategies to enhance enterprise performance.The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development. Identifying effective strategies to accelerate the digital transformation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises is essential for their upgrading and sustainable growth. This study adopts a configurational perspective, drawing on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theoretical framework. It integrates fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the driving pathways of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and further analyzes how distinct configurations influence firm performance. The research findings reveal three pathways to achieving a high level of digital transformation: "opportunity-perception", "predatory-competition", and "innovation-fueled". However, there is significant variability in the impact of these three pathways on firm performance. These pathways collectively exemplify the concept of "different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects". Sample enterprises exhibit inadequate investment in digital technology innovation; enterprise size, executives' risk appetite and government support intensity emerge as significant facilitators of the digital transformation process within pharmaceutical manufacturing firms, while technological integration capabilities positively enhance the effectiveness of this transformation; An overreliance on the external environment will constrain the innovation autonomy of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises during digital transformation and hinder the scale effects of these enterprises. The conclusion offers pragmatic guidance for pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises without digital technology innovation capabilities to select suitable digital transformation strategies to enhance enterprise performance.
Audience Academic
Author Shi, Bingxiao
Mou, Chunlan
Zhang, Yiwen
Cui, Tiantian
AuthorAffiliation 2 School of Health Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
1 School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
3 Faculty of Economics and Management, Shandong Huayu University of Technology，Dezhou, Shandong, China
Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya, INDIA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
– name: Indian Institute of Management Bodh Gaya, INDIA
– name: 2 School of Health Management, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
– name: 3 Faculty of Economics and Management, Shandong Huayu University of Technology，Dezhou, Shandong, China
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Bingxiao
  surname: Shi
  fullname: Shi, Bingxiao
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-6509-179X
  surname: Mou
  fullname: Mou, Chunlan
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Yiwen
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Yiwen
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tiantian
  surname: Cui
  fullname: Cui, Tiantian
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40440610$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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2025 Shi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet The empowerment of the real economy through digital technology has emerged as a crucial force in driving enterprises toward high-quality development....
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SubjectTerms Biology and Life Sciences
Business operations
China
Comparative analysis
Configuration management
Costs
Decision making
Digital Technology
Digital transformation
Drug development
Drug Industry - economics
Drug Industry - organization & administration
Effectiveness
Empowerment
Engineering and technology
Genetic transformation
Health aspects
Industry analysis
Innovations
Manufacturing
Manufacturing industry
Medical innovations
Medical laboratory technology
Medical technology
Medicine and Health Sciences
People and Places
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceuticals
Precision medicine
Qualitative analysis
R&D
Research & development
Social Sciences
Strategic planning
Sustainable development
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Title Different paths, same destination, yet diverse effects: Antecedent configurations and performance implications of digital transformation in pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises——Evidence from Chinese listed companies
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40440610
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3213835160
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3214300720
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC12122032
https://doaj.org/article/c7446b004e8a4d0685c3a176d0a66a10
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323130
Volume 20
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