Ingestion of Chlorella Reduced the Oxidation of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids in Senior Japanese Subjects

Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including those with Alzheimer’s disease. In our previous studies, dietary xanthophylls (polar carotenoids such as lutein) were hypothesized to inhibit lipid peroxida...

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Published inJournal of Oleo Science Vol. 62; no. 11; pp. 873 - 881
Main Authors Miyazawa, Taiki, Nakagawa, Kiyotaka, Takekoshi, Hideo, Higuchi, Ohki, Kato, Shunji, Kondo, Momoko, Kimura, Fumiko, Miyazawa, Teruo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Japan Japan Oil Chemists' Society 2013
Japan Science and Technology Agency
Subjects
Aged
Alzheimer Disease - blood
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Alzheimer Disease - prevention & control
antioxidant
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
carotenoids
Carotenoids - blood
Chlorella
Dietary Supplements
Double-Blind Method
Erythrocyte Membrane - metabolism
erythrocytes
Erythrocytes - metabolism
Female
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide - blood
lipid oxidation
Lutein - blood
Male
Membrane Lipids - blood
Middle Aged
Oxidation-Reduction
Phospholipids - blood
senile dementia
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Abstract Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including those with Alzheimer’s disease. In our previous studies, dietary xanthophylls (polar carotenoids such as lutein) were hypothesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial to assess the impact for a total of 2 months Chlorella supplementation (8 g Chlorella/day/person; equivalent to 22.9 mg lutein/day/person) on PLOOH and carotenoid concentrations in erythrocytes as well as plasma of 12 normal senior subjects. After 1 or 2 months of treatment, erythrocytes and plasma lutein concentrations increased in the Chlorella group but not in the placebo group. In the Chlorella-supplemented group, erythrocyte PLOOH concentrations after a total of 2 months of treatment were lower than the concentrations before supplementation. These results suggest that Chlorella ingestion improved erythrocyte antioxidant status and lowered PLOOH concentrations. These reductions might contribute to maintaining the normal function of erythrocytes and prevent the development of senile dementia.
AbstractList [Abstract]: Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including those with Alzheimer's disease. In our previous studies, dietary xanthophylls (polar carotenoids such as lutein) were hypothesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial to assess the impact for a total of 2 months Chlorella supplementation (8 g Chlorella/day/person; equivalent to 22.9 mg lutein/day/person) on PLOOH and carotenoid concentrations in erythrocytes as well as plasma of 12 normal senior subjects. After 1 or 2 months of treatment, erythrocytes and plasma lutein concentrations increased in the Chlorella group but not in the placebo group. In the Chlorella-supplemented group, erythrocyte PLOOH concentrations after a total of 2 months of treatment were lower than the concentrations before supplementation. These results suggest that Chlorella ingestion improved erythrocyte antioxidant status and lowered PLOOH concentrations. These reductions might contribute to maintaining the normal function of erythrocytes and prevent the development of senile dementia.
Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including those with Alzheimer’s disease. In our previous studies, dietary xanthophylls (polar carotenoids such as lutein) were hypothesized to inhibit lipid peroxidation. In the present study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial to assess the impact for a total of 2 months Chlorella supplementation (8 g Chlorella/day/person; equivalent to 22.9 mg lutein/day/person) on PLOOH and carotenoid concentrations in erythrocytes as well as plasma of 12 normal senior subjects. After 1 or 2 months of treatment, erythrocytes and plasma lutein concentrations increased in the Chlorella group but not in the placebo group. In the Chlorella-supplemented group, erythrocyte PLOOH concentrations after a total of 2 months of treatment were lower than the concentrations before supplementation. These results suggest that Chlorella ingestion improved erythrocyte antioxidant status and lowered PLOOH concentrations. These reductions might contribute to maintaining the normal function of erythrocytes and prevent the development of senile dementia.
Author Miyazawa, Taiki
Nakagawa, Kiyotaka
Miyazawa, Teruo
Kato, Shunji
Higuchi, Ohki
Takekoshi, Hideo
Kondo, Momoko
Kimura, Fumiko
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  fullname: Takekoshi, Hideo
  organization: Production & Development Department, Sun Chlorella Co., Ltd
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  fullname: Higuchi, Ohki
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  fullname: Kato, Shunji
  organization: Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
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Cites_doi 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.741
10.1021/bp0101987
10.3233/JAD-2011-111493
10.1155/1994/493810
10.1016/0047-6374(95)01687-2
10.1016/0891-5849(89)90017-8
10.5650/jos.60.495
10.1007/s00253-005-0032-8
10.1017/S0007114509990316
10.1194/jlr.D800034-JLR200
10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.060
10.1271/bbb.60524
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Production & Development Department
Sun Chlorella Co
Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory
Tohoku University
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Biodynamic Plant Institute Co
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References 2) Bosman, G. J.; Bartholomeus I. G.; de Man A. J.; van Kalmthout P. J.; de Grip W. J. Erythrocyte membrane characteristics indicate abnormal cellular aging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 12, 13-18 (1991).
7) Mohanty, J. G.; Eckley, D. M.; Williamson, J. D.; Launer, L.J.; Rifkind, J.M. Do red blood cell-beta-amyloid interactions alter oxygen delivery in Alzheimer’s disease? Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 614, 29-35 (2008).
8) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Hatade, K.; Asai, A.; Kimura, F.; Sookwong, P.; Tsuduki, T.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay for carotenoids in human red blood cells: application to clinical studies. Anal. Biochem. 381, 129-134 (2008).
21) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Kimura, F.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa T. Plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after supplementation with astaxanthin in middle-aged and senior subjects. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 75, 1856-1858 (2011).
18) Miyazawa T. Determination of phospholipid hydroperoxides in human blood plasma by a chemiluminescence-HPLC assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 7, 209-217 (1989).
16) Miyazawa T.; Suzuki T.; Fujimoto K.; Kinoshita M. Age-related change of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide and phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide levels in normal human red blood cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 86, 145-150 (1996).
19) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Miyazawa, T. Liquid Chromatography-based Assay for Carotenoids in Human Blood. In Food and Nutritional Components in Focus No. 1. Vitamin A and Carotenoids: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. (Preedy, V. R. ed.), The Royal Society of Chemistry Publ., UK, pp. 184-203 (2012).
12) Borowitzka, M. A.; Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. J. Biotechnol. 70, 313-321 (1999).
14) Bhosale, P.; Bernstein, P. S. Microbial xanthophylls. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 68, 445-455 (2005).
6) Ajmani, R. S.; Metter, E. J.; Jaykumar, R.; Ingram, D. K.; Spangler, E. L.; Abugo, O. O.; Rifkind, J. M. Hemodynamic changes during aging associated with cerebral blood flow and impaired cognitive function. Neurobiol. Aging 21, 257-269 (2000).
9) Kiko, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Tsuduki, T.; Suzuki, T.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Significance of lutein in red blood cells of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J. Alzheimers Dis. 28, 593-600 (2012).
3) Goodall, H. B.; Reid, A. H.; Findlay, D. J.; Hind, C.; Kay, J.; Coghill, G. Irregular distortion of the erythrocytes (acanthocytes, spur cells) in senile dementia. Dis. Markers 12, 23-41 (1994).
15) Shi, X. M.; Jiang, Y.; Chen, F. High-yield production of lutein by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic fed-batch culture. Biotechnol. Prog. 18, 723-727 (2002).
17) Ibusuki, D.; Nakagawa, K.; Asai, A.; Oikawa, S.; Masuda, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Miyazawa, T. Preparation of pure lipid hydroperoxides. J. Lipid Res. 49, 2668-2677 (2008).
20) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Kimura, F.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa, T. Erythrocytes carotenoids after astaxanthin supplementation in middle-aged and senior Japanese subjects. J. Oleo Sci. 60, 495-499 (2011).
5) Solerte, S. B.; Ceresini, G.; Ferrari, E.; Fioravanti, M. Hemorheological changes and overproduction of cytokines from immune cells in mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: adverse effects on cerebromicrovascular system. Neurobiol. Aging 21, 271-281 (2000).
10) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Miyazawa, T.; Sookwong, P.; Tsuduki, T.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa, T. Amyloid β-induced erythrocytic damage and its attenuation by carotenoids. FEBS Lett. 585, 1249-1254 (2011).
1) Selkoe, D. J. Alzheimer’s Disease: Genes, Proteins, and Therapy. Physiol. Rev. 81, 741-766 (2001).
4) Miyazawa, T.; Suzuki, T.; Yasuda, K; Fujimoto, K.; Meguro, K.; Sasaki, H. Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides in red blood cell membranes in Alzheimer disease. In Oxygen Radicals (Yagi, K.; Kondo, M.; Niki, E.; Yoshikawa, T. eds.), Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam, pp. 327-330 (1992).
13) Del Campo, J. A.; Rodríguez, H.; Moreno, J.; Vargas, M. A.; Rivas, J.; Guerrero, M. G. Accumulation of astaxanthin and lutein in Chlorella zofingiensis (Chlorophyta). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol . 64, 848-854 (2004).
11) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Hatade, K.; Sookwong, P.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Antioxidant effect of lutein towards phospholipid hydroperoxidation in human erythrocytes. Brit. J. Nutr. 102, 1280-1284 (2009).
22) Kawakami, Y.; Tsuduki, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Miyazawa, T. Distribution of tocotrienols in rats fed a rice bran tocotrienol concentrate. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71, 464-471 (2007).
11
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14
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References_xml – reference: 19) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Miyazawa, T. Liquid Chromatography-based Assay for Carotenoids in Human Blood. In Food and Nutritional Components in Focus No. 1. Vitamin A and Carotenoids: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects. (Preedy, V. R. ed.), The Royal Society of Chemistry Publ., UK, pp. 184-203 (2012).
– reference: 2) Bosman, G. J.; Bartholomeus I. G.; de Man A. J.; van Kalmthout P. J.; de Grip W. J. Erythrocyte membrane characteristics indicate abnormal cellular aging in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 12, 13-18 (1991).
– reference: 5) Solerte, S. B.; Ceresini, G.; Ferrari, E.; Fioravanti, M. Hemorheological changes and overproduction of cytokines from immune cells in mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: adverse effects on cerebromicrovascular system. Neurobiol. Aging 21, 271-281 (2000).
– reference: 13) Del Campo, J. A.; Rodríguez, H.; Moreno, J.; Vargas, M. A.; Rivas, J.; Guerrero, M. G. Accumulation of astaxanthin and lutein in Chlorella zofingiensis (Chlorophyta). Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol . 64, 848-854 (2004).
– reference: 17) Ibusuki, D.; Nakagawa, K.; Asai, A.; Oikawa, S.; Masuda, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Miyazawa, T. Preparation of pure lipid hydroperoxides. J. Lipid Res. 49, 2668-2677 (2008).
– reference: 18) Miyazawa T. Determination of phospholipid hydroperoxides in human blood plasma by a chemiluminescence-HPLC assay. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 7, 209-217 (1989).
– reference: 3) Goodall, H. B.; Reid, A. H.; Findlay, D. J.; Hind, C.; Kay, J.; Coghill, G. Irregular distortion of the erythrocytes (acanthocytes, spur cells) in senile dementia. Dis. Markers 12, 23-41 (1994).
– reference: 1) Selkoe, D. J. Alzheimer’s Disease: Genes, Proteins, and Therapy. Physiol. Rev. 81, 741-766 (2001).
– reference: 14) Bhosale, P.; Bernstein, P. S. Microbial xanthophylls. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 68, 445-455 (2005).
– reference: 22) Kawakami, Y.; Tsuduki, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Miyazawa, T. Distribution of tocotrienols in rats fed a rice bran tocotrienol concentrate. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 71, 464-471 (2007).
– reference: 6) Ajmani, R. S.; Metter, E. J.; Jaykumar, R.; Ingram, D. K.; Spangler, E. L.; Abugo, O. O.; Rifkind, J. M. Hemodynamic changes during aging associated with cerebral blood flow and impaired cognitive function. Neurobiol. Aging 21, 257-269 (2000).
– reference: 7) Mohanty, J. G.; Eckley, D. M.; Williamson, J. D.; Launer, L.J.; Rifkind, J.M. Do red blood cell-beta-amyloid interactions alter oxygen delivery in Alzheimer’s disease? Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 614, 29-35 (2008).
– reference: 9) Kiko, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Tsuduki, T.; Suzuki, T.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Significance of lutein in red blood cells of Alzheimer’s disease patients. J. Alzheimers Dis. 28, 593-600 (2012).
– reference: 4) Miyazawa, T.; Suzuki, T.; Yasuda, K; Fujimoto, K.; Meguro, K.; Sasaki, H. Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxides in red blood cell membranes in Alzheimer disease. In Oxygen Radicals (Yagi, K.; Kondo, M.; Niki, E.; Yoshikawa, T. eds.), Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam, pp. 327-330 (1992).
– reference: 15) Shi, X. M.; Jiang, Y.; Chen, F. High-yield production of lutein by the green microalga Chlorella protothecoides in heterotrophic fed-batch culture. Biotechnol. Prog. 18, 723-727 (2002).
– reference: 11) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Hatade, K.; Sookwong, P.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Antioxidant effect of lutein towards phospholipid hydroperoxidation in human erythrocytes. Brit. J. Nutr. 102, 1280-1284 (2009).
– reference: 10) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Miyazawa, T.; Sookwong, P.; Tsuduki, T.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa, T. Amyloid β-induced erythrocytic damage and its attenuation by carotenoids. FEBS Lett. 585, 1249-1254 (2011).
– reference: 12) Borowitzka, M. A.; Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. J. Biotechnol. 70, 313-321 (1999).
– reference: 16) Miyazawa T.; Suzuki T.; Fujimoto K.; Kinoshita M. Age-related change of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide and phosphatidylethanolamine hydroperoxide levels in normal human red blood cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 86, 145-150 (1996).
– reference: 21) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Kimura, F.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa T. Plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after supplementation with astaxanthin in middle-aged and senior subjects. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 75, 1856-1858 (2011).
– reference: 8) Nakagawa, K.; Kiko, T.; Hatade, K.; Asai, A.; Kimura, F.; Sookwong, P.; Tsuduki, T.; Arai, H.; Miyazawa, T. Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay for carotenoids in human red blood cells: application to clinical studies. Anal. Biochem. 381, 129-134 (2008).
– reference: 20) Miyazawa, T.; Nakagawa, K.; Kimura, F.; Satoh, A.; Miyazawa, T. Erythrocytes carotenoids after astaxanthin supplementation in middle-aged and senior Japanese subjects. J. Oleo Sci. 60, 495-499 (2011).
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Snippet Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including those with...
[Abstract]: Accumulation of phospholipid hydroperoxide (PLOOH) in erythrocyte membranes is an abnormality found in patients with senile dementia, including...
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SubjectTerms Aged
Alzheimer Disease - blood
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Alzheimer Disease - prevention & control
antioxidant
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
carotenoids
Carotenoids - blood
Chlorella
Dietary Supplements
Double-Blind Method
Erythrocyte Membrane - metabolism
erythrocytes
Erythrocytes - metabolism
Female
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide - blood
lipid oxidation
Lutein - blood
Male
Membrane Lipids - blood
Middle Aged
Oxidation-Reduction
Phospholipids - blood
senile dementia
Title Ingestion of Chlorella Reduced the Oxidation of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipids in Senior Japanese Subjects
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http://mol.medicalonline.jp/library/journal/download?GoodsID=dj7oleos/2013/006211/002&name=0873-0881e
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200934
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Volume 62
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ispartofPNX Journal of Oleo Science, 2013, Vol.62(11), pp.873-881
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