Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic
Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km2 sub‐Arcti...
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| Published in | Global change biology Vol. 24; no. 11; pp. 5188 - 5204 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.11.2018
Wiley-Blackwell |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1354-1013 1365-2486 1365-2486 |
| DOI | 10.1111/gcb.14421 |
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| Abstract | Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m−2 year−1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m−2 year−1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m−2 year−1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.
We modeled the regional carbon balance of sub‐Arctic tundra over a decade in a region with lakes, wetlands, and uplands using process‐based biogeochemical models. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small in comparison with variability among the land cover types. Wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in this sub‐Arctic tundra ecosystem. Capturing the relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites. |
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| AbstractList | Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m−2 year−1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m−2 year−1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m−2 year−1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m−2 year−1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m−2 year−1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m−2 year−1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m−2 year−1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m−2 year−1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m−2 year−1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. We modeled the regional carbon balance of sub‐Arctic tundra over a decade in a region with lakes, wetlands, and uplands using process‐based biogeochemical models. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small in comparison with variability among the land cover types. Wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in this sub‐Arctic tundra ecosystem. Capturing the relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO ) and methane (CH ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO fluxes ranged from -300 g C m year [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m year [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g C m year at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO across most land cover types but a net source of CH to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km 2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO 2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m −2 year −1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m −2 year −1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH 4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m −2 year −1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO 2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH 4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH 4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO 2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Abstract Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km 2 sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO 2 fluxes ranged from −300 g C m −2 year −1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m −2 year −1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH 4 emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m −2 year −1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO 2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH 4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH 4 flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO 2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from -300 g C m-2 year-1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m-2 year-1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g C m-2 year-1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems.Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and methane (CH4 ) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100-km2 sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from -300 g C m-2 year-1 [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m-2 year-1 [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g C m-2 year-1 at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a similar to 100-km(2) sub-Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006-2015 using process-based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO2 fluxes ranged from --300 g C m(-2) year(-1) [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g Cm-2 year(-1) [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH4 emissions ranged from -0.2 to 22.3 g Cm-2 year(-1) at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%-25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high-resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO2 across most land cover types but a net source of CH4 to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost-free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%-65% underestimation of regional CH4 flux relative to high-resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO2 uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to landscape heterogeneity. We modeled both carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) fluxes for the dominant land cover types in a ~100‐km² sub‐Arctic tundra region in northeast European Russia for the period of 2006–2015 using process‐based biogeochemical models. Modeled net annual CO₂ fluxes ranged from −300 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ [net uptake] in a willow fen to 3 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ [net source] in dry lichen tundra. Modeled annual CH₄ emissions ranged from −0.2 to 22.3 g C m⁻² year⁻¹ at a peat plateau site and a willow fen site, respectively. Interannual variability over the decade was relatively small (20%–25%) in comparison with variability among the land cover types (150%). Using high‐resolution land cover classification, the region was a net sink of atmospheric CO₂ across most land cover types but a net source of CH₄ to the atmosphere due to high emissions from permafrost‐free fens. Using a lower resolution for land cover classification resulted in a 20%–65% underestimation of regional CH₄ flux relative to high‐resolution classification and smaller (10%) overestimation of regional CO₂ uptake due to the underestimation of wetland area by 60%. The relative fraction of uplands versus wetlands was key to determining the net regional C balance at this and other Arctic tundra sites because wetlands were hot spots for C cycling in Arctic tundra ecosystems. |
| Author | Kaverin, Dmitry Biasi, Christina Shurpali, Narasinha J. Treat, Claire C. Zhang, Yu Miller, Paul A. Romanovsky, Vladimir Tan, Zeli Rivkin, Felix Virtanen, Tarmo A. Martikainen, Pertti J. Zhuang, Qianlai Marushchak, Maija E. Voigt, Carolina Stendel, Martin Hugelius, Gustaf Räsänen, Aleksi |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Claire C. orcidid: 0000-0002-1225-8178 surname: Treat fullname: Treat, Claire C. email: claire.treat@uef.fi, claire.treat@unh.edu organization: University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 2 givenname: Maija E. surname: Marushchak fullname: Marushchak, Maija E. organization: University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 3 givenname: Carolina orcidid: 0000-0001-8589-1428 surname: Voigt fullname: Voigt, Carolina organization: University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 4 givenname: Yu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yu organization: Natural Resources Canada – sequence: 5 givenname: Zeli orcidid: 0000-0001-5958-2584 surname: Tan fullname: Tan, Zeli organization: Purdue University – sequence: 6 givenname: Qianlai surname: Zhuang fullname: Zhuang, Qianlai organization: Purdue University – sequence: 7 givenname: Tarmo A. surname: Virtanen fullname: Virtanen, Tarmo A. organization: University of Helsinki – sequence: 8 givenname: Aleksi surname: Räsänen fullname: Räsänen, Aleksi organization: Norwegian University of Science and Technology – sequence: 9 givenname: Christina orcidid: 0000-0002-7413-3354 surname: Biasi fullname: Biasi, Christina organization: University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 10 givenname: Gustaf surname: Hugelius fullname: Hugelius, Gustaf organization: Stockholm University – sequence: 11 givenname: Dmitry surname: Kaverin fullname: Kaverin, Dmitry organization: SC RAS – sequence: 12 givenname: Paul A. surname: Miller fullname: Miller, Paul A. organization: Lund University – sequence: 13 givenname: Martin surname: Stendel fullname: Stendel, Martin organization: Danish Meteorological Institute – sequence: 14 givenname: Vladimir surname: Romanovsky fullname: Romanovsky, Vladimir organization: SB RAS – sequence: 15 givenname: Felix surname: Rivkin fullname: Rivkin, Felix organization: GIS – sequence: 16 givenname: Pertti J. surname: Martikainen fullname: Martikainen, Pertti J. organization: University of Eastern Finland – sequence: 17 givenname: Narasinha J. surname: Shurpali fullname: Shurpali, Narasinha J. organization: University of Eastern Finland |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30101501$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1469229$$D View this record in Osti.gov https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162106$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/044df730-3a5f-4641-a15e-fce16a4f0bc0$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index oai:portal.research.lu.se:publications/044df730-3a5f-4641-a15e-fce16a4f0bc0$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd – notice: 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. – notice: Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd |
| CorporateAuthor | Lunds universitet Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten Profile areas and other strong research environments BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate Faculty of Science Lund University Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap (CEC) Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system Strategiska forskningsområden (SFO) Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Strategic research areas (SRA) eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration Profilområden och andra starka forskningsmiljöer Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC) |
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| DOI | 10.1111/gcb.14421 |
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| Keywords | regional carbon balance net ecosystem CO2 exchange permafrost peatland methane Tundra Russia ecosystem modeling |
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| Snippet | Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes and to... Abstract Across the Arctic, the net ecosystem carbon (C) balance of tundra ecosystems is highly uncertain due to substantial temporal variability of C fluxes... |
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| SubjectTerms | Annual variations Arctic region Arctic Regions Atmospheric models Biogeochemistry Carbon Carbon Cycle Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Classification Earth and Related Environmental Sciences Ecosystem ecosystem modeling Ecosystems Emissions Fens Fluxes Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap Geovetenskap och relaterad miljövetenskap greenhouse gas emissions Heterogeneity highlands Land cover Landscape landscapes lichens Methane Methane - analysis Natural Sciences Naturgeografi Naturvetenskap net ecosystem CO exchange net ecosystem CO2 exchange Peat peatland Permafrost Physical Geography regional carbon balance Resolution Russia Soil Taiga & tundra temporal variation Temporal variations Tundra Uptake Wetlands Willow |
| Title | Tundra landscape heterogeneity, not interannual variability, controls the decadal regional carbon balance in the Western Russian Arctic |
| URI | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fgcb.14421 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30101501 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2122249966 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2087996564 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2176376610 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1469229 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162106 https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/044df730-3a5f-4641-a15e-fce16a4f0bc0 oai:portal.research.lu.se:publications/044df730-3a5f-4641-a15e-fce16a4f0bc0 |
| Volume | 24 |
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