Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity

Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the c...

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Published ineLife Vol. 9
Main Authors Sciascia, Nicholas, Wu, Wei, Zong, Dali, Sun, Yilun, Wong, Nancy, John, Sam, Wangsa, Darawalee, Ried, Thomas, Bunting, Samuel F, Pommier, Yves, Nussenzweig, André
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 14.02.2020
eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Subjects
Animal experimentation
Animals
Cancer
Cancer cells
Cell cycle
Cell viability
Chemotherapy
Combination drug therapy
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA - metabolism
DNA Damage
DNA Repair
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
DNA Topoisomerases, Type II - metabolism
Double-strand break repair
Drugs
Enzymes
Etoposide
Genetic research
Genetics and Genomics
Genome - genetics
genome instability
Genomes
Genomic instability
Genomics
Health aspects
Humans
Identity
Lymphocytes B
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism
Proteasome inhibitors
Proteins
Proteolysis
Spleen
Stress management
topoisomerases
California
mouse
genetics
genome instability
DNA damage
genomics
cancer
topoisomerases
DNA repair
human
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Abstract Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
AbstractList Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal.
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal. Molecules of DNA contain the archive of a cell’s genetic information and identity. DNA comprises two strands that twist together into a structure known as a double helix. Physical tension tends to build up in the double helix that can cause it to break apart. To avoid this, cells have an enzyme called Topoisomerase II (TOP2) that relieves the tension by attaching itself to DNA and breaking it in a controlled way before re-sealing the break. Drugs known as TOP2 poisons stop TOP2 from working and trap it on the DNA, which may lead to cells accumulating DNA breaks and eventually dying. Cancer cells are particularly prone to acquiring breaks in their DNA, and TOP2 poisons are therefore often used as part of chemotherapy treatments for cancer. However, it remains unclear why TOP2 poisons are more effective at killing some types of cancer cells than others. It is thought that a molecular machine, known as the proteasome, helps cells repair the damage caused by TOP2 poisons by removing the trapped TOP2 proteins and allowing DNA repair proteins access to the broken DNA underneath. Now, Sciascia et al. have used a genetic approach to study the relationship between the proteasome and DNA repair in mouse cells exposed to TOP2 poisons. The experiments found that when the proteasome removed TOP2 proteins that had become trapped on DNA, the subsequent DNA repair was prone to errors. Pre-treating mouse cells with another drug that inhibited the proteasome protected the cells from the effects of the TOP2 poison. Once the TOP2 poison had left the cells, the previously trapped TOP2 proteins correctly fixed the DNA and detached as they would normally. As a result, cells that had been treated with a proteasome inhibitor were more likely to survive treatment with TOP2 poisons. Since both TOP2 poisons and proteasome inhibitors are clinically approved drugs for treating cancer they can be, and already have been, tested for use together in combination drug therapies. However, these findings suggest that caution should be taken when using these drugs together, because instead of harming the cancer cells, the proteasome inhibitors may protect the cells from the toxic effects of TOP2 poisons.
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein intermediate, termed TOP2 cleavage complex (TOP2cc). TOP2ccs are normally rapidly reversible, but can be stabilized by TOP2 poisons, such as the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide (ETO). TOP2 poisons have shown significant variability in their therapeutic effectiveness across different cancers for reasons that remain to be determined. One potential explanation for the differential cellular response to these drugs is in the manner by which cells process TOP2ccs. Cells are thought to remove TOP2ccs primarily by proteolytic degradation followed by DNA DSB repair. Here, we show that proteasome-mediated repair of TOP2cc is highly error-prone. Pre-treating primary splenic mouse B-cells with proteasome inhibitors prevented the proteolytic processing of trapped TOP2ccs, suppressed the DNA damage response (DDR) and completely protected cells from ETO-induced genome instability, thereby preserving cellular viability. When degradation of TOP2cc was suppressed, the TOP2 enzyme uncoupled itself from the DNA following ETO washout, in an error-free manner. This suggests a potential mechanism of developing resistance to topoisomerase poisons by ensuring rapid TOP2cc reversal. eLife digest Molecules of DNA contain the archive of a cell's genetic information and identity. DNA comprises two strands that twist together into a structure known as a double helix. Physical tension tends to build up in the double helix that can cause it to break apart. To avoid this, cells have an enzyme called Topoisomerase II (TOP2) that relieves the tension by attaching itself to DNA and breaking it in a controlled way before re-sealing the break. Drugs known as TOP2 poisons stop TOP2 from working and trap it on the DNA, which may lead to cells accumulating DNA breaks and eventually dying. Cancer cells are particularly prone to acquiring breaks in their DNA, and TOP2 poisons are therefore often used as part of chemotherapy treatments for cancer. However, it remains unclear why TOP2 poisons are more effective at killing some types of cancer cells than others. It is thought that a molecular machine, known as the proteasome, helps cells repair the damage caused by TOP2 poisons by removing the trapped TOP2 proteins and allowing DNA repair proteins access to the broken DNA underneath. Now, Sciascia et al. have used a genetic approach to study the relationship between the proteasome and DNA repair in mouse cells exposed to TOP2 poisons. The experiments found that when the proteasome removed TOP2 proteins that had become trapped on DNA, the subsequent DNA repair was prone to errors. Pre-treating mouse cells with another drug that inhibited the proteasome protected the cells from the effects of the TOP2 poison. Once the TOP2 poison had left the cells, the previously trapped TOP2 proteins correctly fixed the DNA and detached as they would normally. As a result, cells that had been treated with a proteasome inhibitor were more likely to survive treatment with TOP2 poisons. Since both TOP2 poisons and proteasome inhibitors are clinically approved drugs for treating cancer they can be, and already have been, tested for use together in combination drug therapies. However, these findings suggest that caution should be taken when using these drugs together, because instead of harming the cancer cells, the proteasome inhibitors may protect the cells from the toxic effects of TOP2 poisons.
Audience Academic
Author John, Sam
Wangsa, Darawalee
Zong, Dali
Ried, Thomas
Wu, Wei
Sciascia, Nicholas
Sun, Yilun
Pommier, Yves
Wong, Nancy
Nussenzweig, André
Bunting, Samuel F
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Keywords mouse
genetics
genome instability
DNA damage
genomics
cancer
topoisomerases
DNA repair
human
Language English
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ORCID 0000-0003-4169-4929
0000-0002-8952-7268
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7089766/
PMID 32057297
PQID 2384744927
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  text: 2020-02-14
  day: 14
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SSID ssj0000748819
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Snippet Topoisomerase II (TOP2) relieves topological stress in DNA by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) via a transient, covalently linked TOP2 DNA-protein...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
SubjectTerms Animal experimentation
Animals
Cancer
Cancer cells
Cell cycle
Cell viability
Chemotherapy
Combination drug therapy
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA - metabolism
DNA Damage
DNA Repair
DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
DNA Topoisomerases, Type II - metabolism
Double-strand break repair
Drugs
Enzymes
Etoposide
Genetic research
Genetics and Genomics
Genome - genetics
genome instability
Genomes
Genomic instability
Genomics
Health aspects
Humans
Identity
Lymphocytes B
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism
Proteasome inhibitors
Proteins
Proteolysis
Spleen
Stress management
topoisomerases
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Title Suppressing proteasome mediated processing of topoisomerase II DNA-protein complexes preserves genome integrity
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32057297
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2384744927
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2355944072
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7089766
https://doaj.org/article/8a1a45021ea14674ad0b85037a8dfae9
Volume 9
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