Comparison of core temperature using tracheal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter in adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulm...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 20; no. 1; p. e0314322 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Public Library of Science
02.01.2025
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0314322 |
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| Abstract | Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.
Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).
Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.
The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.
Clinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. |
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| AbstractList | Background
Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.
Methods
Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).
Results
Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was −0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from −0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was −0.51°C to −0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.
Conclusions
The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.
Trial registration
Clinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. Background Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC. Methods Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Results Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference ([DELTA]) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement. Conclusions The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature. Trial registration Clinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. BackgroundMonitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.MethodsEleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).ResultsEleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.ConclusionsThe agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.Trial registrationClinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.BACKGROUNDMonitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).METHODSEleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.RESULTSEleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.CONCLUSIONSThe agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.Clinical trial registration number: NCT05595616.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. BackgroundMonitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC.MethodsEleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).ResultsEleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was −0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from −0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was −0.51°C to −0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement.ConclusionsThe agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature.Trial registrationClinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC. Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference ([DELTA]) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement. The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature. Monitoring core temperature is important for patients under anesthesia. Esophageal and pulmonary artery blood temperatures can be used for measuring core temperature during general anesthesia. However, these methods pose challenges, especially when the placement of an esophageal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is either impractical or not the preferred approach. An endotracheal tube (ETT) with a thermometer on the cuff allows for the measurement of tracheal temperature, providing a suitable alternative to core temperature measurement. This study aimed to assess the clinical reliability and accuracy of the thermometer in the ETT in comparison to the core temperature measured using a PAC. Eleven patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated using an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff, and a PAC was inserted. Temperature measurements of both the trachea and pulmonary artery blood were recorded at 5-minute intervals for 1 hour before starting cardiopulmonary bypass. The agreement between the two temperature measurement methods was investigated using the Bland-Altman plot with multiple measurements per subject, and the correlation was evaluated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). Eleven patients with a total of 143 pairs of data were included for analysis. The mean difference between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperatures was -0.10°C. The 95% limit of agreement (LoA), calculated as ± 1.96 standard deviation, ranged from -0.35°C to 0.15°C. The 95% confidence interval for the lower and upper LoA was -0.51°C to -0.27°C and 0.07°C to 0.31°C, respectively. The maximum allowed difference (Δ) was set at 0.5°C. The majority of temperature differences fell within the LoA and were well below the maximum allowed difference. The CCC was 0.95, which indicates a substantial strength of agreement. The agreement between the tracheal and pulmonary artery temperature measurements using the ETT thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter, respectively, was found to be clinically reliable and accurate. Therefore, the tracheal temperature measurement can effectively represent the core temperature of the patients. Employing an ETT equipped with a thermometer on the cuff can serve as a reliable and independent method for measuring core temperature. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05595616. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Yoon, Ji-Uk Park, Seyeon Kim, Hee Young Kim, Hye-Jin Park, Da-Eun Ha, Dong-Hyeon Jung, Jieun Jung, Yeon-Soo Hong, Seo-Ho |
| AuthorAffiliation | Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, TÜRKIYE 1 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea 2 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea 3 School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea – name: 3 School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea – name: Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, TÜRKIYE – name: 1 Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Seyeon orcidid: 0000-0001-7183-1811 surname: Park fullname: Park, Seyeon – sequence: 2 givenname: Hee Young surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hee Young – sequence: 3 givenname: Hye-Jin surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hye-Jin – sequence: 4 givenname: Jieun surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Jieun – sequence: 5 givenname: Seo-Ho surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Seo-Ho – sequence: 6 givenname: Yeon-Soo surname: Jung fullname: Jung, Yeon-Soo – sequence: 7 givenname: Dong-Hyeon surname: Ha fullname: Ha, Dong-Hyeon – sequence: 8 givenname: Da-Eun surname: Park fullname: Park, Da-Eun – sequence: 9 givenname: Ji-Uk orcidid: 0000-0002-9511-4566 surname: Yoon fullname: Yoon, Ji-Uk |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39746099$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Copyright: © 2025 Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. COPYRIGHT 2025 Public Library of Science 2025 Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2025 Park et al 2025 Park et al 2025 Park et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. |
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| DOI | 10.1371/journal.pone.0314322 |
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| References | H Hymczak (pone.0314322.ref003) 2021; 18 S-M Yang (pone.0314322.ref009) 2022; 22 L Thomachot (pone.0314322.ref010) 2000; 5 M Haugk (pone.0314322.ref008) 2010; 38 S Evron (pone.0314322.ref001) 2017; 125 DI Sessler (pone.0314322.ref002) 2021; 134 J Hayes (pone.0314322.ref004) 1995; 83 M Yamakage (pone.0314322.ref011) 1993; 76 M-J Lu (pone.0314322.ref007) 2016; 12 JM Bland (pone.0314322.ref006) 2010; 47 Y Kawano (pone.0314322.ref005) 1992; 77 |
| References_xml | – volume: 18 start-page: 10606 issue: 20 year: 2021 ident: pone.0314322.ref003 article-title: Core Temperature Measurement—Principles of Correct Measurement, Problems, and Complications publication-title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010606 – volume: 134 start-page: 111 issue: 1 year: 2021 ident: pone.0314322.ref002 article-title: Perioperative Temperature Monitoring. publication-title: Anesthesiology doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003481 – volume: 22 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2022 ident: pone.0314322.ref009 article-title: Comparison of tracheal temperature and core temperature measurement in living donor liver transplant recipients: a clinical comparative study. publication-title: BMC anesthesiology – volume: 76 start-page: 795 issue: 4 year: 1993 ident: pone.0314322.ref011 article-title: The utility of tracheal temperature monitoring. publication-title: Anesthesia & Analgesia. doi: 10.1213/00000539-199304000-00020 – volume: 83 year: 1995 ident: pone.0314322.ref004 article-title: Monitoring Body Core Temperature from the Trachea. publication-title: ANESTHESIOLOGY-PHILADELPHIA THEN HAGERSTOWN-. – volume: 12 issue: 2 year: 2016 ident: pone.0314322.ref007 article-title: Sample size for assessing agreement between two methods of measurement by Bland− Altman method. publication-title: The International Journal of Biostatistics – volume: 38 start-page: 1569 issue: 7 year: 2010 ident: pone.0314322.ref008 article-title: Temperature monitored on the cuff surface of an endotracheal tube reflects body temperature. publication-title: Critical care medicine. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47a20 – volume: 5 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: pone.0314322.ref010 article-title: Measurement of tracheal temperature is not a reliable index of total respiratory heat loss in mechanically ventilated patients. publication-title: Critical Care. doi: 10.1186/cc974 – volume: 125 start-page: 103 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: pone.0314322.ref001 article-title: Evaluation of the temple touch pro, a novel noninvasive core-temperature monitoring system. publication-title: Anesthesia & Analgesia. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001695 – volume: 47 start-page: 931 issue: 8 year: 2010 ident: pone.0314322.ref006 article-title: Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement publication-title: International journal of nursing studies doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.10.001 – volume: 77 start-page: A563 year: 1992 ident: pone.0314322.ref005 article-title: Tracheal cuff as a new core temperature site publication-title: Anesthesiology doi: 10.1097/00000542-199209001-00563 |
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| Title | Comparison of core temperature using tracheal thermometer and pulmonary artery catheter in adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery |
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