The gut metabolite indole-3-propionic acid activates ERK1 to restore social function and hippocampal inhibitory synaptic transmission in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model

Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 + / -  syndrom...

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Published inMicrobiome Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 66 - 22
Main Authors Jiang, Jian, Wang, Dilong, Jiang, Youheng, Yang, Xiuyan, Sun, Runfeng, Chang, Jinlong, Zhu, Wenhui, Yao, Peijia, Song, Kun, Chang, Shuwen, Wang, Hong, Zhou, Lei, Zhang, Xue-Song, Li, Huiliang, Li, Ningning
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 28.03.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
BMC
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Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2049-2618
2049-2618
DOI10.1186/s40168-024-01755-7

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Abstract Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 + / -  syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 + / -  are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Mice with the 16p11.2 + / -  showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Conclusions Our study reveals that 16p11.2 + / -  leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 + / -  mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. 92Bbfs5rK2Gd_SbL4an2Cw Video Abstract
AbstractList Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 + / -  syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 + / -  are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Mice with the 16p11.2 + / -  showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Conclusions Our study reveals that 16p11.2 + / -  leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 + / -  mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. 92Bbfs5rK2Gd_SbL4an2Cw Video Abstract
BackgroundMicrodeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\)) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\), as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsMice with the 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene.ConclusionsOur study reveals that 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\) mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.Video Abstract
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2  syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2  are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice with the 16p11.2  showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Our study reveals that 16p11.2  leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2  mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Video Abstract.
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2[formula omitted]) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2[formula omitted] syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2[formula omitted] are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2[formula omitted], as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Mice with the 16p11.2[formula omitted] showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Our study reveals that 16p11.2[formula omitted] leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2[formula omitted] mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome.
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 + / - syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 + / - are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.BACKGROUNDMicrodeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 + / - syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 + / - are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms.Mice with the 16p11.2 + / - showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene.RESULTSMice with the 16p11.2 + / - showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene.Our study reveals that 16p11.2 + / - leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 + / - mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Video Abstract.CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals that 16p11.2 + / - leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 + / - mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Video Abstract.
Abstract Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / -  syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / -  are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / - , as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Mice with the 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / -  showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Conclusions Our study reveals that 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / -  leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / -  mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Video Abstract
Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2[formula omitted]) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders. However its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, and effective treatments for 16p11.2[formula omitted] syndrome are lacking. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are inextricably linked to host behavior through the gut-brain axis and are therefore implicated in ASD development. Despite this, the functional roles of microbial metabolites in the context of 16p11.2[formula omitted] are yet to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota metabolite, in addressing behavioral and neural deficits associated with 16p11.2[formula omitted], as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Mice with the 16p11.2[formula omitted] showed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and a significant decrease in IPA levels in feces and blood circulation. Further, these mice exhibited significant social and cognitive memory impairments, along with hyperactivation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons and reduced inhibitory synaptic transmission in this region. However, oral administration of IPA effectively mitigated the histological and electrophysiological alterations, thereby ameliorating the social and cognitive deficits of the mice. Remarkably, IPA treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation level of ERK1, a protein encoded by the Mapk3 gene in the 16p11.2 region, without affecting the transcription and translation of the Mapk3 gene. Conclusions Our study reveals that 16p11.2[formula omitted] leads to a decline in gut metabolite IPA levels; however, IPA supplementation notably reverses the behavioral and neural phenotypes of 16p11.2[formula omitted] mice. These findings provide new insights into the critical role of gut microbial metabolites in ASD pathogenesis and present a promising treatment strategy for social and cognitive memory deficit disorders, such as 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Keywords: Autism, Social deficits, Gut microbiota metabolite, Indole-3-propionic acid, Mapk3, GABA
ArticleNumber 66
Audience Academic
Author Zhu, Wenhui
Wang, Dilong
Song, Kun
Li, Huiliang
Chang, Jinlong
Yao, Peijia
Chang, Shuwen
Li, Ningning
Yang, Xiuyan
Wang, Hong
Zhou, Lei
Sun, Runfeng
Jiang, Jian
Zhang, Xue-Song
Jiang, Youheng
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38549163$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Indole-3-propionic acid
GABA
Autism
Social deficits
Gut microbiota metabolite
Mapk3
Language English
License 2024. The Author(s).
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Snippet Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)...
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other...
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2[formula omitted]) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)...
Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2[formula omitted]) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum...
BackgroundMicrodeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2\({}^{+/-}\)) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder...
Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other...
Abstract Background Microdeletion of the human chromosomal region 16p11.2 (16p11.2 $^{+/-}$$ + / - ) is a prevalent genetic factor associated with autism...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Autism
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Behavior
Bioinformatics
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood circulation
Chromosome 16
Cognitive ability
Dentate gyrus
Dysbacteriosis
Feces
GABA
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic transcription
Genetic translation
Gut microbiota metabolite
Gut-brain axis
Health aspects
Health maintenance organizations
Hippocampus
Humans
Indole-3-propionic acid
Indoles
Intestinal microflora
Mapk3
Medical Microbiology
Memory
Metabolism
Metabolites
Mice
Microbial Ecology
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Molecular modelling
Nervous system
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurons
Oral administration
Pathogenesis
Phenotypes
Phosphorylation
Preferences
Propionates
Propionic acid
Recovery of function
Social deficits
Synaptic Transmission
Virology
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Title The gut metabolite indole-3-propionic acid activates ERK1 to restore social function and hippocampal inhibitory synaptic transmission in a 16p11.2 microdeletion mouse model
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40168-024-01755-7
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https://doaj.org/article/e4f6bee094f044bd8d35cfb84a2cad47
Volume 12
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