Effects of core stability exercises on balance ability of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improvi...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 19; no. 12; p. e0314664
Main Authors Zhou, Junjie, Zhong, Yecheng, Xu, Wenhong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 19.12.2024
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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ISSN1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0314664

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Abstract Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking. This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population. This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study. Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low. Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
AbstractList Background Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking. Objective This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population. Methods This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study. Results Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static-dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low. Conclusions Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking. This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population. This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study. Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static-dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low. Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
BackgroundChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking.ObjectiveThis study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population.MethodsThis study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study.ResultsSix studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges’ g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges’ g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low.ConclusionsCore stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static–dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking.BACKGROUNDChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking.This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population.OBJECTIVEThis study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population.This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study.METHODSThis study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study.Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low.RESULTSSix studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low.Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.CONCLUSIONSCore stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking. This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population. This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study. Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges' g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges' g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low. Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static-dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
Background Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this population is via core stability exercises. However, comprehensive studies that examine the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving balance in this target population are lacking. Objective This study aims to summarise and quantify the effectiveness of core stability exercises in improving the balance of this target population. Methods This study followed PRISMA principles and conducted comprehensive searches in six academic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library) up to June 2023. The inclusion criteria were established via the PICOS framework. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed via the GRADE approach. The meta-analysis was performed via RevMan 5.4, and for data that could not be pooled via meta-analysis, we used a narrative description of the results of each study. Results Six studies of 1078 subjects were included. The findings revealed that core stability exercises improved the dynamic balance of children and adolescents with ID but had no significant effect on static (Hedges’ g = 1.32, 95% CI [-0.41 to 3.06]) or static‒dynamic (Hedges’ g = 1.35, 95% CI [-0.02 to 2.73]) balance compared with the control groups. The quality of evidence based on the GRADE approach was very low. Conclusions Core stability exercises may improve dynamic balance in children and adolescents with ID, but given the scarcity of studies included, definitive conclusions cannot yet be drawn. Although pooled analyses also highlighted improvements in static and static–dynamic balance with large effect sizes over active control groups, the results were not statistically significant and should be interpreted with caution given the wide confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among the identified studies and the limited number of eligible studies may reduce the reliability of the results, but these findings emphasise the need for additional research in this domain.
Audience Academic
Author Xu, Wenhong
Zhou, Junjie
Zhong, Yecheng
AuthorAffiliation University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, ITALY
College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, China
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39700130$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright Copyright: © 2024 Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
COPYRIGHT 2024 Public Library of Science
2024 Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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2024 Zhou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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Snippet Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits among this...
Background Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits...
BackgroundChildren and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits...
Background Children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (IDs) are at risk of falls due to balance problems. One way to palliate balance deficits...
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StartPage e0314664
SubjectTerms Accidental Falls - prevention & control
Active control
Adolescent
Adolescents
Balance
Bias
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomechanics
Blindness
Cerebral palsy
Child
Children
Children & youth
Disabilities
Disabled persons
Effectiveness
Epilepsy
Equilibrium (Physiology)
Exercise Therapy - methods
Falls (Accidents)
Health aspects
Hearing loss
Heterogeneity
Humans
Injuries
Intellectual disabilities
Intellectual Disability - physiopathology
Intellectual Disability - rehabilitation
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mental retardation
Meta-analysis
People and Places
Physical Sciences
Physiological aspects
Population studies
Postural Balance - physiology
Posture
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk factors
Stability
Statistical analysis
Systematic review
Teenagers
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Title Effects of core stability exercises on balance ability of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Volume 19
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