A cohort study of the effects of social support on cerebral cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome
Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In...
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| Published in | PloS one Vol. 19; no. 7; p. e0305637 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Public Library of Science
18.07.2024
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| Abstract | Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.
The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models.
The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support.
This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. |
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| AbstractList | Introduction
Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.
Methods
The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models.
Results
The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192–2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support.
Conclusion
This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. IntroductionPrevious studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.MethodsThe level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support.ConclusionThis study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models. The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support. This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. Introduction Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. Methods The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models. Results The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support. Conclusion This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.INTRODUCTIONPrevious studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events.The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models.METHODSThe level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models.The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support.RESULTSThe median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support.This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSIONThis study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct longitudinal associations between perceived social support and the development of cardiovascular events in patients with metabolic syndrome. In this cohort study, we investigated whether the levels of perceived social support in patients with metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. The level of social support was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) in 2,721 individuals living in Wonju and Pyeongchang, South Korea. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined by physical measurements and blood tests, and the occurrence of cerebral cardiovascular disease in relation to the presence of metabolic syndrome and the level of social support was analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards models. The median follow-up period was 2,345 days (2,192-2,618). Overall, in the group with metabolic syndrome and low social support, low social support was associated with an increased risk of later cerebral cardiovascular events; in this group, the hazard ratio after adjusting for confounding variables was 1.97 times (95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.85) higher than that in the group without metabolic syndrome and low social support. This study shows, for the first time, that the level of social support is a risk factor for preventing cerebral cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome and suggests that social support status should be incorporated into multifactorial risk assessment and intervention procedures to prevent metabolic syndrome and cerebral cardiovascular disease. |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Jeong, Yong Whi Kim, Jang Young Lee, Hunju Kim, Sung-Kyung Kang, Dae Ryong Koh, Sang-baek |
| AuthorAffiliation | 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea 2 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea 3 Department of Precision Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea Kurume University School of Medicine, JAPAN |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea – name: 3 Department of Precision Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea – name: Kurume University School of Medicine, JAPAN – name: 4 Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea – name: 2 Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sung-Kyung orcidid: 0000-0002-2742-6410 surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Sung-Kyung – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong Whi surname: Jeong fullname: Jeong, Yong Whi – sequence: 3 givenname: Dae Ryong surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Dae Ryong – sequence: 4 givenname: Jang Young surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jang Young – sequence: 5 givenname: Hunju orcidid: 0000-0003-0089-0069 surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Hunju – sequence: 6 givenname: Sang-baek orcidid: 0000-0001-5609-6521 surname: Koh fullname: Koh, Sang-baek |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39024346$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the distinct... Introduction Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the... IntroductionPrevious studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the... Introduction Previous studies have extensively examined the relationship between social support and various health outcomes. However, little is known about the... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Analysis Biology and Life Sciences Blood levels Cardiac patients Cardiovascular Diseases Cerebrovascular Disorders - complications Chronic illnesses Cohort Studies Diabetes Female Hazard assessment High density lipoprotein Humans Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Medicine, Experimental Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - complications Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology Middle Aged Proportional Hazards Models Republic of Korea - epidemiology Risk assessment Risk Factors Risk perception Social interactions Social networks Social Support Socioeconomic factors Surveys Type 2 diabetes Womens health |
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| Title | A cohort study of the effects of social support on cerebral cardiovascular disease in subjects with metabolic syndrome |
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