Elevated Amygdala Activity to Sad Facial Expressions: A State Marker of Bipolar but Not Unipolar Depression

• Published in: Biological psychiatry (1969) Vol. 67; no. 5; pp. 414 - 421
• Main Authors: Almeida, Jorge R.C., Versace, Amelia, Hassel, Stefanie, Kupfer, David J., Phillips, Mary L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.03.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Affect; Amygdala; Amygdala - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; bipolar disorder; Bipolar Disorder - metabolism; Bipolar Disorder - psychology; Bipolar disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder - metabolism; Depressive Disorder - psychology; emotional processing; Facial Expression; Female; fMRI; Functional Laterality - physiology; Humans; major depressive disorder; Male; Medical sciences; Mood disorders; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; fMRI; bipolar disorder; Amygdala; major depressive disorder; mood disorders; emotional processing; Mood disorder; Affect affectivity; Central nervous system; Depression; Bipolar disorder; Cognition; Basal ganglion; Emotion emotionality; Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging; Encephalon; Information processing; Medical imagery; Face; Amygdaloid nucleus; Facial expression; Functional imaging

Difficulties in emotion processing and poor social function are common to bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) depression, resulting in many BD depressed individuals being misdiagnosed with MDD. The amygdala is a key region implicated in processing emotionally salient stimuli, i...