Health Effects of Airborne Exposures from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the healt...
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Published in | Environmental health perspectives Vol. 115; no. 2; pp. 298 - 302 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare
01.02.2007
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and paniculate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naïve subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs. |
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AbstractList | Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and particulate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naïve subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs. Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and particulate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naive subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs. Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and paniculate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naïve subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs. Health effects of airborne exposures from concentrated animal feeding operations are studied. A number of toxic gases and vapors are emitted by concentrated animal feeding operations(CAFOs) into the work and general environments. On respiratory health of CAFO workers, several constituents of dust have been considered, studies have shown that sensitization rates to swine urine proteins among farmers are relatively low and cannot explain the high symptom rates in CAFO workers. Endotoxins have been identified as important causal and toxic agents in particulate exposure in the environs surrounding CAFOs, these exposures have been associated with increased symptoms, both respiratory and systemic, across-shift lung function changes, reduced lung function in cross-sectional studies and accelerated decline in lung function in longitudinal studies. International guidelines for occupational and community health are needed for specific toxicants and exposure levels should be maintained below the current standards. Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment/These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophvsiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and particulate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naive subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards--Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Joel N. Kline Rachel Avery Katarina Kulhankova Kirkhorn, Steven R. Thorne, Peter S. Dosman, James A. Merchant, James A. Heederik, Dick Chrischilles, Elizabeth A. Sigsgaard, Torben Jakob H. Bønløkke Caroline Duchaine |
AuthorAffiliation | 2 University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark 4 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 7 National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA 5 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada 6 Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada 1 University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 3 The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 6 Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada – name: 7 National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA – name: 1 University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands – name: 4 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA – name: 2 University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark – name: 3 The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA – name: 5 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Dick surname: Heederik fullname: Heederik, Dick – sequence: 2 givenname: Torben surname: Sigsgaard fullname: Sigsgaard, Torben – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter S. surname: Thorne fullname: Thorne, Peter S. – sequence: 4 fullname: Joel N. Kline – sequence: 5 fullname: Rachel Avery – sequence: 6 fullname: Jakob H. Bønløkke – sequence: 7 givenname: Elizabeth A. surname: Chrischilles fullname: Chrischilles, Elizabeth A. – sequence: 8 givenname: James A. surname: Dosman fullname: Dosman, James A. – sequence: 9 fullname: Caroline Duchaine – sequence: 10 givenname: Steven R. surname: Kirkhorn fullname: Kirkhorn, Steven R. – sequence: 11 fullname: Katarina Kulhankova – sequence: 12 givenname: James A. surname: Merchant fullname: Merchant, James A. |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17384782$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Language | English |
License | Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
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Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 The authors declare they have no competing financial interests. |
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Snippet | Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia,... Health effects of airborne exposures from concentrated animal feeding operations are studied. A number of toxic gases and vapors are emitted by concentrated... Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment/These include ammonia, hydrogen... |
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SubjectTerms | Air Pollutants - toxicity Allergies Animal Feed Animal feeding and feeds Animal Husbandry - standards Animals Asthma Chemical hazards Children Concentrated animal feeding operations Endotoxins Environmental Exposure - prevention & control Environmental health Health aspects Health benefits Housing, Animal - standards Humans Lungs Mini-Monograph Occupational Diseases - chemically induced Occupational Diseases - prevention & control Occupational Exposure - prevention & control Odorants - prevention & control Particulate Matter - toxicity Risk Factors Sensitization |
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Title | Health Effects of Airborne Exposures from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations |
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