Health Effects of Airborne Exposures from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

• Published in: Environmental health perspectives Vol. 115; no. 2; pp. 298 - 302
• Main Authors: Heederik, Dick, Sigsgaard, Torben, Thorne, Peter S., Joel N. Kline, Rachel Avery, Jakob H. Bønløkke, Chrischilles, Elizabeth A., Dosman, James A., Caroline Duchaine, Kirkhorn, Steven R., Katarina Kulhankova, Merchant, James A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. Department of Health, Education and Welfare 01.02.2007; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - toxicity; Allergies; Animal Feed; Animal feeding and feeds; Animal Husbandry - standards; Animals; Asthma; Chemical hazards; Children; Concentrated animal feeding operations; Endotoxins; Environmental Exposure - prevention & control; Environmental health; Health aspects; Health benefits; Housing, Animal - standards; Humans; Lungs; Mini-Monograph; Occupational Diseases - chemically induced; Occupational Diseases - prevention & control; Occupational Exposure - prevention & control; Odorants - prevention & control; Particulate Matter - toxicity; Risk Factors; Sensitization
• DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8835
• ISSN: 0091-6765

Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and paniculate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naïve subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards-Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs.