Three kinds of treatment with Homoharringtonine, Hydroxychloroquine or shRNA and their combination against coronavirus PEDV in vitro

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiv...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inVirology journal Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 71
Main Authors Li, Cui-Cui, Wang, Xiao-Jia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central Ltd 03.06.2020
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Analysis
Animal husbandry
Antiviral activity
Antiviral agents
Antiviral drugs
antiviral properties
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses
Diarrhea
drugs
EDTA
financial economics
Health aspects
Heptad repeat
Homoharringtonine
Hydroxychloroquine
Immunomodulators
industry
PEDV
Plasmids
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Pork industry
RNA
Short hairpin RNA
Swine
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Viral infections
viral load
virology
Viruses
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Treatment with HCQ at 50 [mu]M and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 200 fold. Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
AbstractList Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Treatment with HCQ at 50 [mu]M and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 200 fold. Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There’s currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. Method In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Results Treatment with HCQ at 50 μM and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 200 fold. Conclusion Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV.BACKGROUNDPorcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV.In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects.METHODIn the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects.Treatment with HCQ at 50 μM and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 200 fold.RESULTSTreatment with HCQ at 50 μM and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 200 fold.Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.CONCLUSIONOur report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There’s currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. METHOD: In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. RESULTS: Treatment with HCQ at 50 μM and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID₅₀ by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID₅₀ by 200 fold. CONCLUSION: Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. Method In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Results Treatment with HCQ at 50 [mu]M and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID.sub.50 by 200 fold. Conclusion Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection. Keywords: Coronavirus, PEDV, Short hairpin RNA, Heptad repeat, Homoharringtonine, Hydroxychloroquine, Combination treatment
Abstract Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There’s currently no specific drug available for treatment of coronaviruses or PEDV. Method In the current study, we use coronavirus PEDV as a model to study antiviral agents. Briefly, a fusion inhibitor tHR2, recombinant lentivirus-delivered shRNAs targeted to conserved M and N sequences, homoharringtonine (HHT), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were surveyed for their antiviral effects. Results Treatment with HCQ at 50 μM and HHT at 150 nM reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 30 and 3.5 fold respectively, and the combination reduced virus titer in TCID50 by 200 fold. Conclusion Our report demonstrates that the combination of HHT and HCQ exhibited higher antiviral activity than either HHT or HCQ exhibited. The information may contribute to the development of antiviral strategies effective in controlling PEDV infection.
ArticleNumber 71
Audience Academic
Author Li, Cui-Cui
Wang, Xiao-Jia
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Cui-Cui
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Cui-Cui
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Xiao-Jia
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Xiao-Jia
BookMark eNqNk0tv1DAUhSNURB_wB1hZYgMSKX7H2SCNSqGVKkClQuwsx3YmLoldbM9Mu-eH4-lUwFQIUBaJb75zZJ_ru1_t-OBtVT1F8BAhwV8lhFvBaohhDRGhuF49qPZQQ0lNMf6y89v3brWf0iWEBPOmfVTtEkxbQgnfq75fDNFa8NV5k0DoQY5W5cn6DFYuD-AkTGFQMTo_z8E7b1-CkxsTw_WNHsYQw7dFqYEQQRrO38-A8gbkwboIdJg651V2wQM1V86nXGoxeLV0cZHAx-M3n4HzYOlyDI-rh70ak31y9z6oLt4eXxyd1Gcf3p0ezc5qzSnMtRKdMZZYrHVnjTaiZZqytoGsZ4xx0bcEN6TpO4UUNtBAJnBZ6IYahjUnB9XpxtYEdSmvoptUvJFBOXlbCHEuVcxOj1ZqK5rGkB7bXlOOmEBWUAUx6SBvuo4Ur9cbr6tFN5XNlMSiGrdMt_94N8h5WMqmtKDhohg8vzNYp2hTlpNL2o6j8jYsksSsNA8xWjr7T5SSliLYkP9BYctJCyEr6LN76GVYRF_yLxSioiWc41_UXJVYnO9DOY1em8oZL2mLtiXrwxz-gSqPsZPT5db2rtS3BC-2BIXJ9jrP1SIlefrpfJvFG1bHkFK0_c-UEZTrQZCbQZBlEOTtIMhVEYl7Iu3y7XUsO3Pj36Q_AIqsDl0
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms8111840
crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2021_1912593
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41419_020_02842_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jafr_2023_100632
crossref_primary_10_3390_v14102261
crossref_primary_10_1080_01652176_2024_2421299
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jddst_2021_102634
crossref_primary_10_1186_s40001_024_01856_x
Cites_doi 10.1186/1743-422X-9-195
10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.05.009
10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.09.005
10.1128/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003
10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.004
10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.777
10.3390/v9030053
10.1089/jir.2014.0038
10.1074/jbc.M109.004416
10.1128/JVI.78.14.7523-7527.2004
10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.07.007
10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.021
10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.039
10.3390/v10110601
10.1093/infdis/jiu504
10.2174/1566524015666150630124300
10.1038/s41419-018-0378-3
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.011
10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.10.023
10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60029-0
10.1007/s40265-018-0983-6
10.1016/j.virol.2011.05.001
10.1128/JVI.01153-13
10.1007/978-1-59745-379-0_12
10.1038/srep39700
10.1016/j.drudis.2013.05.011
10.1007/s11262-015-1242-5
10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.022
10.1128/JVI.02433-13
10.1021/acsomega.8b01002
10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.010
10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.128
10.1016/j.virusres.2009.12.012
10.3748/wjg.v13.i39.5169
10.3201/eid1801.111259
10.1007/s11262-004-4583-z
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2020 BioMed Central Ltd.
2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
The Author(s) 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2020 BioMed Central Ltd.
– notice: 2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: The Author(s) 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
ISR
3V.
7U9
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
COVID
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
H94
K9.
M0S
M1P
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.1186/s12985-020-01342-w
DatabaseName CrossRef
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Collection
Proquest Medical Database
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Publicly Available Content
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Health & Medical Research Collection
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Virology and AIDS Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
Coronavirus Research Database
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA
AGRICOLA - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
Publicly Available Content Database
MEDLINE - Academic
AGRICOLA


AGRICOLA
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Biology
EISSN 1743-422X
EndPage 71
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_ce877d3f2efc461581e84a023b067bb3
PMC7267768
A627389938
10_1186_s12985_020_01342_w
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: ;
  grantid: 2017YFD0502205; 2017YFD0502306
– fundername: ;
  grantid: 31772739
GroupedDBID ---
0R~
123
29Q
2WC
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAHBH
AAJSJ
AASML
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACIHN
ACMJI
ACPRK
ACUHS
ADBBV
ADRAZ
ADUKV
AEAQA
AENEX
AFKRA
AFPKN
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHYZX
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AOIJS
BAPOH
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFQNJ
BMC
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C6C
CCPQU
CITATION
CS3
DIK
E3Z
EAD
EAP
EAS
EBD
EBLON
EBS
EMB
EMK
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IGS
IHR
INH
INR
ISR
ITC
KQ8
LGEZI
LOTEE
M1P
M48
M~E
NADUK
NXXTH
O5R
O5S
OK1
OVT
P2P
PGMZT
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RBZ
RNS
ROL
RPM
RSV
SBL
SOJ
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
WOQ
WOW
XSB
PMFND
3V.
7U9
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
COVID
DWQXO
H94
K9.
PJZUB
PKEHL
PPXIY
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7S9
L.6
5PM
PUEGO
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c640t-a8bdde3e2ccbedcd895c459705f55568f932737fba1a2d0d0582fbac74d52c63
IEDL.DBID M48
ISSN 1743-422X
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:28:58 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 14:34:38 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 07:54:49 EDT 2025
Tue Aug 05 10:09:02 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 05:11:15 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 20:46:51 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 17 21:35:10 EDT 2025
Tue Jun 10 20:33:21 EDT 2025
Fri Jun 27 04:23:30 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:44:45 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:01:26 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c640t-a8bdde3e2ccbedcd895c459705f55568f932737fba1a2d0d0582fbac74d52c63
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1186/s12985-020-01342-w
PMID 32493436
PQID 2414893662
PQPubID 24069
PageCount 1
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_ce877d3f2efc461581e84a023b067bb3
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7267768
proquest_miscellaneous_2574315401
proquest_miscellaneous_2439410731
proquest_miscellaneous_2409639005
proquest_journals_2414893662
gale_infotracmisc_A627389938
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A627389938
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A627389938
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_020_01342_w
crossref_citationtrail_10_1186_s12985_020_01342_w
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-06-03
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-06-03
PublicationDate_xml – month: 06
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-06-03
  day: 03
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace London
PublicationPlace_xml – name: London
PublicationTitle Virology journal
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher BioMed Central Ltd
BioMed Central
BMC
Publisher_xml – name: BioMed Central Ltd
– name: BioMed Central
– name: BMC
References D Song (1342_CR1) 2012; 44
BJ Bosch (1342_CR15) 2003; 77
H Shen (1342_CR35) 2015; 51
Y Pan (1342_CR2) 2012; 9
H Zhou (1342_CR19) 2018; 15
D Eggink (1342_CR12) 2009; 284
B Jain (1342_CR32) 2015; 15
X Guo (1342_CR21) 2017; 9
DM Eckert (1342_CR11) 2001; 70
J Gao (1342_CR16) 2013; 87
MH Sheridan (1342_CR29) 2018; 78
TM Hinton (1342_CR31) 2008; 80
S Travella (1342_CR7) 2009; 478
H Nishikawa (1342_CR13) 2009; 4
CG Li (1342_CR18) 2013; 87
J Fan (1342_CR5) 2005; 30
HJ Dong (1342_CR20) 2018; 10
EA Stein (1342_CR26) 2015; 211
CJ Wu (1342_CR10) 2005; 65
B Morgenstern (1342_CR25) 2005; 326
A Kumar (1342_CR24) 2018; 3
RQ Sun (1342_CR3) 2012; 18
P Zhao (1342_CR37) 2017; 150
F Boutimah (1342_CR28) 2013; 98
CC Li (1342_CR8) 2017; 142
Y Ma (1342_CR6) 2007; 13
AA Kaspar (1342_CR38) 2013; 18
D Shi (1342_CR4) 2017; 7
C Pan (1342_CR14) 2010; 109
E Branche (1342_CR27) 2018; 158
J Zhou (1342_CR9) 2010; 149
K Achazi (1342_CR34) 2012; 93
O Ter Brake (1342_CR30) 2006; 14
YF Xu (1342_CR33) 2012; 181
Z Wang (1342_CR36) 2004; 78
XJ Wang (1342_CR17) 2011; 416
LF Wang (1342_CR23) 2015; 35
TT Tang (1342_CR22) 2018; 9
References_xml – volume: 9
  start-page: 195
  year: 2012
  ident: 1342_CR2
  publication-title: Viral J
  doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-9-195
– volume: 80
  start-page: 143
  year: 2008
  ident: 1342_CR31
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.05.009
– volume: 65
  start-page: 45
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 1342_CR10
  publication-title: Antiviral Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2004.09.005
– volume: 77
  start-page: 8801
  year: 2003
  ident: 1342_CR15
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8801-8811.2003
– volume: 142
  start-page: 1
  issue: 6
  year: 2017
  ident: 1342_CR8
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.004
– volume: 70
  start-page: 777
  year: 2001
  ident: 1342_CR11
  publication-title: Annu Rev Biochem
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.70.1.777
– volume: 44
  start-page: 167
  year: 2012
  ident: 1342_CR1
  publication-title: Vírus Genes
– volume: 9
  start-page: 53
  issue: 3
  year: 2017
  ident: 1342_CR21
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v9030053
– volume: 35
  start-page: 143
  issue: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: 1342_CR23
  publication-title: J Interferon Cytokine Res
  doi: 10.1089/jir.2014.0038
– volume: 284
  start-page: 26941
  year: 2009
  ident: 1342_CR12
  publication-title: J Biol Chem
  doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.004416
– volume: 78
  start-page: 7523
  year: 2004
  ident: 1342_CR36
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7523-7527.2004
– volume: 14
  start-page: 883
  year: 2006
  ident: 1342_CR30
  publication-title: Mol Ther
  doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.07.007
– volume: 150
  start-page: 1
  year: 2017
  ident: 1342_CR37
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.021
– volume: 4
  start-page: 891
  year: 2009
  ident: 1342_CR13
  publication-title: Int J Biochem Cell Biol
  doi: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.08.039
– volume: 10
  start-page: 601
  issue: 11
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR20
  publication-title: Viruses
  doi: 10.3390/v10110601
– volume: 211
  start-page: 613
  issue: 4
  year: 2015
  ident: 1342_CR26
  publication-title: J Infect Dis
  doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiu504
– volume: 15
  start-page: 433
  year: 2015
  ident: 1342_CR32
  publication-title: Curr Mol Med
  doi: 10.2174/1566524015666150630124300
– volume: 9
  start-page: 351
  issue: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR22
  publication-title: Cell Death Dis
  doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-0378-3
– volume: 98
  start-page: 121
  year: 2013
  ident: 1342_CR28
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.011
– volume: 93
  start-page: 94
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 1342_CR34
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.10.023
– volume: 109
  start-page: 94
  year: 2010
  ident: 1342_CR14
  publication-title: J Formos Med Assoc
  doi: 10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60029-0
– volume: 78
  start-page: 1625
  issue: 15
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR29
  publication-title: Drug
  doi: 10.1007/s40265-018-0983-6
– volume: 416
  start-page: 65
  year: 2011
  ident: 1342_CR17
  publication-title: Virology
  doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.05.001
– volume: 87
  start-page: 9223
  year: 2013
  ident: 1342_CR18
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.01153-13
– volume: 478
  start-page: 185
  year: 2009
  ident: 1342_CR7
  publication-title: Methods Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-59745-379-0_12
– volume: 7
  start-page: 39700
  year: 2017
  ident: 1342_CR4
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/srep39700
– volume: 18
  start-page: 807
  issue: 17–18
  year: 2013
  ident: 1342_CR38
  publication-title: Drug Discov Today
  doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.05.011
– volume: 51
  start-page: 252
  issue: 2
  year: 2015
  ident: 1342_CR35
  publication-title: Virus Genes
  doi: 10.1007/s11262-015-1242-5
– volume: 158
  start-page: 1
  issue: 10
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR27
  publication-title: Antivir Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.07.022
– volume: 87
  start-page: 13134
  issue: 24
  year: 2013
  ident: 1342_CR16
  publication-title: J Virol
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.02433-13
– volume: 3
  start-page: 18132
  issue: 12
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR24
  publication-title: ACS Omega
  doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01002
– volume: 181
  start-page: 51
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 1342_CR33
  publication-title: J Virol Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.01.010
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1
  year: 2018
  ident: 1342_CR19
  publication-title: Leuk Lymphoma
– volume: 326
  start-page: 905
  year: 2005
  ident: 1342_CR25
  publication-title: Biochem Biophys Res Commun
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.128
– volume: 149
  start-page: 51
  issue: 1
  year: 2010
  ident: 1342_CR9
  publication-title: Virus Res
  doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.12.012
– volume: 13
  start-page: 5169
  year: 2007
  ident: 1342_CR6
  publication-title: World J Gastroenterol
  doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i39.5169
– volume: 18
  start-page: 161
  year: 2012
  ident: 1342_CR3
  publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis
  doi: 10.3201/eid1801.111259
– volume: 30
  start-page: 69
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 1342_CR5
  publication-title: Virus Genes
  doi: 10.1007/s11262-004-4583-z
SSID ssj0032679
Score 2.3033226
Snippet Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's currently no...
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There's...
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There’s...
BACKGROUND: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry. There’s...
Abstract Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) of the family Coronaviridae has caused substantial economic losses in the swine husbandry industry....
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 71
SubjectTerms Analysis
Animal husbandry
Antiviral activity
Antiviral agents
Antiviral drugs
antiviral properties
Coronaviridae
Coronavirus
Coronaviruses
Diarrhea
drugs
EDTA
financial economics
Health aspects
Heptad repeat
Homoharringtonine
Hydroxychloroquine
Immunomodulators
industry
PEDV
Plasmids
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Pork industry
RNA
Short hairpin RNA
Swine
Transmissible gastroenteritis
Viral infections
viral load
virology
Viruses
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3fb9MwELbQJBAvaAwQZQMZhMQDREviH3EeC2wqSJvQKGhvluPYawQkKGk37Z0_nDsnrRaQyguPtc9Scne--645fybkZWw9Vy6XUS69iLh1ZWSckJGSPDPIcCkSPOB8cipnX_jHc3F-46ov7Anr6YF7xR1ap7KsZD513nJIvypxihvINAXE2aIIPJ-Q89bFVB-DAZNk-fqIjJKHHWQ1hSeRsQmL8TS6GqWhwNb_d0z-s0_yRuI53iX3BsRIp_2T3ie3XL1Hbvd3SF7vkTsnw9fxB-TXHAzj6DcoszvaeLppIqf4byudNT-ahWnbvmceVryhs-sS21jsAqp2eBoYo01Lu8XZ6ZSauqThMwIFp4T6OZiQmgtTAaKEsRYw_GXVrjr66ej9V1rV9LJats1DMj8-mr-bRcMtC5GVPF5GRhUQ4phLrS3gVUuVC8uhzIiFF0hP5gHhZSzzhUlMWsZlLFQKP2zGS5FayR6Rnbqp3WNCrSiFZwBgpHTcK6-MMV46KDoLUxjpJyRZ61zbgYEcL8L4rkMloqTu7aTBTjrYSV9NyOvNmp89_8ZW6bdoyo0kcmeHAfAoPXiU_pdHTcgLdASN7Bg1tt9cmFXX6Q-fz_RU4kkmgHRqQl4NQr6Bd7BmOM0AmkBCrZHkwUgStq8dT6_9TQ_ho9MAq5AUSMp0Qp5vpnEltsTVrlmhDFSfLIcouk2G5RwKfJZskREIIgG4g0w28veRGsczdbUIVOQZbDQoWJ_8D73vk7tp2KEyitkB2Vm2K_cUEN-yeBY2929YnlYV
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– databaseName: Health & Medical Collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3fb9MwELZgCMQLggFax0AGIfEA1tL4R9wnVGBTQdqERkF9sxzHbisg2ZJ20975w7lz00JA6mPssxT77PN39t1nQl4mLgjtB4oNVJBMOF8w66ViWonMIsOl7GOC88mpGn0VnyZy0h64NW1Y5domRkNdVA7PyA9hp0GeFKXSt-cXDF-NwtvV9gmNm-QWUpfhrM4mG4cLkEnk2kPQzUSaTtZJM1odNrDPacxNxrAsLlJ21dmYIn___1b638jJv7ai4_vkXosh6XCl9Afkhi93ye3Vq5LXu-TOSXtf_pD8GoOqPP0OjndDq0A3YeUUz1_pqPpZzWxdr6LoocUbOrouMLDFzcCPh7-BMlrVtJmdnQ6pLQsaLxYoDBl41FGp1E7tHDAmlNWA6i_n9bKhn48-fKPzkl7OF3X1iIyPj8bvR6x9d4E5JZIFszoHo8d96lwOXS30QDoBjkcig0TCsgCYL-NZyG3fpkVSJFKn8OEyUcjUKf6Y7JRV6fcIdbKQgQOkUcqLoIO21gblwQ3NbW5V6JH-esyNaznJ8WmMHyb6JlqZlZ4M6MlEPZmrHnm9aXO-YuTYKv0OVbmRRDbtWFDVU9MuTuO8zrKCh9QHJwDi6b7XwgKayWEvz3PeIy9wIhjkyygxIGdql01jPn45M0OFuU0A8nSPvGqFQgV9cLbNb4CRQIqtjuRBRxIWtOtWr-ebaQ1KY_5M_x55vqnGlhgkV_pqiTLgj_IB2NVtMnwgwOXn_S0yEmElQHmQyTrzvTOM3ZpyPovk5BksOnBh97d34gm5m8a1p1jCD8jOol76p4DuFvmzuIR_A8uVT4Q
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Three kinds of treatment with Homoharringtonine, Hydroxychloroquine or shRNA and their combination against coronavirus PEDV in vitro
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2414893662
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2409639005
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2439410731
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2574315401
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7267768
https://doaj.org/article/ce877d3f2efc461581e84a023b067bb3
Volume 17
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV3db9MwELf2IRAvCAaIwqgMQuIBwvJhO-4DQh10KpVaTV2H-mY5jt1WjASSdqPv_OGcnbQiMPWpanyuat-d_bv4_DuEXvvKEK47zOswQz2idOpJTZnHGYmlZbikgb3gPByx_iUZTOl0D23KHdUTWN4a2tl6UpfF1ftfP9cfweE_OIfn7KSEPYvbe8Y2xSoioXezjw5hZ4ptRYMh2Z4qAFJx3HsWhHskDKebSzS3_kZjo3J8_v-v2v9mUv61NZ09QPdrTIm7lRE8RHs6O0J3qiqT6yN0d1ifnz9CvyegOo2_QSBe4tzgbZo5tu9jcT__ns9lUVRZ9dDjHe6vU5voouYQ18O_gWc4L3A5H4-6WGYpdgcNGMwWImynZCxncgGYE54VgPKvF8WqxOe9z1_xIsPXi2WRP0aTs97kU9-r6zB4ihF_6UmewCIY6VCpBIaa8g5VBAIRnxpqCcwMYMA4ik0iAxmmfupTHsIXFZOUhopFT9BBlmf6KcKKptREAHEY08Rww6WUhmkISxOZSGZaKNjMuVA1R7ktlXElXKzCmaj0JEBPwulJ3LTQ222fHxVDx07pU6vKraRl13YP8mImamcVSvM4TiMTaqMIQD4eaE4koJsE9vYkiVrolTUEYfkzMpugM5OrshRfLsaiy-xdJwB9vIXe1EImhzEoWd93gJmwlFsNyeOGJDi4ajZv7E1s_EOAeVvaIMbCFnq5bbY9bdJcpvOVlYH4NOrAOrtLJuqQANb5YIcMtTAToD3IxA17b0xjsyVbzB1ZeQxOByHts91jfI7uhc73mOdHx-hgWaz0C0B7y6SN9uNp3EaH3e7gYgCfp73R-bjt3p20nXv_Aan3V64
linkProvider Scholars Portal
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3Nb9MwFLfGEB8XBANEYYBBIA4QLXUcxz0gVNimlq0TGgX1ZjmO3VaMZCTtqt75d_gfeS9NCgGptx1rP0eN34d_L34fhLzwjePSdoTXES70uLGJp20oPCl4pLHCZdjGBOfBieh94R9H4WiL_KpzYTCssraJpaFOMoPfyPfgpME6KUKwd-c_POwahberdQuNlVgc2eUCXLbibX8f-PuSscOD4YeeV3UV8Izg_szTMgaVDiwzJraJSWQnNBxgtR-6EMtxOUA0URC5WLc1S_zEDyWDHybiSciMCOCxV8hVOHd99PWi0dq_AyBUlvZDjO9xxkZ1jo4UewUcqxJToTEKLODMWzTOwbJdwP-Hwr-Bmn-dfIe3ya0KstLuSsbukC2b7pBrqyaWyx1yfVBdz98lP4cgGZZ-Az-_oJmj6yh2ip97aS_7nk10nq-C9mHFG9pbJhhHYyZnGf4bGKNZTovJ6UmX6jSh5T0GBQ6BA1_KENVjPQVIC2M5OBEX03xe0E8H-1_pNKUX01me3SPDy2DIfbKdZql9QKgJk9AFgKCEsNxJJ7XWTljwemMda-FapF3vuTJVCXTsxHGmSldICrXikwI-qZJPatEir9drzlcFQDZSv0dWrimxeHc5kOVjVdkCZayMoiRwzDrDAVHKtpVcA3iKATrEcdAiz1EQFJbnSDH-Z6znRaH6n09VV2AqFWBK2SKvKiKXwTsYXaVTwE5gRa8G5W6DEuyHaU7X8qYq-1WoP9rWIs_W07gSY_JSm82RBtzfoANmfBNN0OGgKUF7A02IKBY8B6CJGvLe2MbmTDqdlLXQI1A68Jgfbn6Jp-RGbzg4Vsf9k6NH5CYr9VB4frBLtmf53D4GYDmLn5TqTIm6ZPPxG-JSjUM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three+kinds+of+treatment+with+Homoharringtonine%2C+Hydroxychloroquine+or+shRNA+and+their+combination+against+coronavirus+PEDV+in+vitro&rft.jtitle=Virology+journal&rft.au=Li%2C+Cui-Cui&rft.au=Wang%2C+Xiao-Jia&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.pub=BioMed+Central+Ltd&rft.issn=1743-422X&rft.eissn=1743-422X&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2Fs12985-020-01342-w&rft.externalDocID=A627389938
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1743-422X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1743-422X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1743-422X&client=summon