Relationship between muscle water and glycogen recovery after prolonged exercise in the heat in humans

Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. Methods On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects ( V ˙ O 2 max  = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg −1  ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEuropean journal of applied physiology Vol. 115; no. 9; pp. 1919 - 1926
Main Authors Fernández-Elías, Valentín E., Ortega, Juan F., Nelson, Rachael K., Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2015
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Bicycling - physiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body Water - metabolism
Carbohydrates
Glycogen - metabolism
Heat-Shock Response - physiology
Hot Temperature
Human Physiology
Humans
Liver
Male
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original Article
Physical Endurance - physiology
Recovery of Function - physiology
Sports Medicine
Young Adult
Carbohydrates
Muscle glycogen storage
Sweating
Muscle water
Oral rehydration
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1439-6319
1439-6327
DOI10.1007/s00421-015-3175-z

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Abstract Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. Methods On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects ( V ˙ O 2 max  = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg −1  min −1 ; mean ± SD) dehydrated 4.6 ± 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % V ˙ O 2 max in a hot-dry environment (33 ± 4 °C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REH LOW ) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 ± 190 mL; REH FULL ). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise. Results In both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 ± 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 ± 10 % ( P  < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 ± 15 and 87 ± 18 g kg −1 dry muscle; P  = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REH FULL than in REH LOW (3814 ± 222 vs. 3459 ± 324 g kg −1  dm, respectively; P  < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REH LOW , per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REH FULL this ratio was higher (1:17). Conclusions Our findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REH FULL ) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
AbstractList (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).Purpose: It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. Methods: On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects (... = 54.4 plus or minus 1.05 mL kg super(-1) min super(-1); mean plus or minus SD) dehydrated 4.6 plus or minus 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % ... in a hot-dry environment (33 plus or minus 4 degree C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REH sub(LOW)) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 plus or minus 190 mL; REH sub(FULL)). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise. Results: In both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 plus or minus 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 plus or minus 10 % (P < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 plus or minus 15 and 87 plus or minus 18 g kg super(-1) dry muscle; P = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REH sub(FULL) than in REH sub(LOW) (3814 plus or minus 222 vs. 3459 plus or minus 324 g kg super(-1) dm, respectively; P < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REH sub(LOW), per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REH sub(FULL) this ratio was higher (1:17). Conclusions: Our findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REH sub(FULL)) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects ([Formula: see text] = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg(-1) min(-1); mean ± SD) dehydrated 4.6 ± 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % [Formula: see text] in a hot-dry environment (33 ± 4 °C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REHLOW) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 ± 190 mL; REHFULL). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise. In both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 ± 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 ± 10 % (P < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 ± 15 and 87 ± 18 g kg(-1) dry muscle; P = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REHFULL than in REHLOW (3814 ± 222 vs. 3459 ± 324 g kg(-1) dm, respectively; P < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REHLOW, per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REHFULL this ratio was higher (1:17). Our findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REHFULL) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
PURPOSEIt is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise.METHODSOn two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects ([Formula: see text] = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg(-1) min(-1); mean ± SD) dehydrated 4.6 ± 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % [Formula: see text] in a hot-dry environment (33 ± 4 °C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REHLOW) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 ± 190 mL; REHFULL). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise.RESULTSIn both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 ± 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 ± 10 % (P < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 ± 15 and 87 ± 18 g kg(-1) dry muscle; P = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REHFULL than in REHLOW (3814 ± 222 vs. 3459 ± 324 g kg(-1) dm, respectively; P < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REHLOW, per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REHFULL this ratio was higher (1:17).CONCLUSIONSOur findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REHFULL) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. Methods On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects (... = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg^sup -1^ min^sup -1^; mean ± SD) dehydrated 4.6 ± 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % ... in a hot-dry environment (33 ± 4 °C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REH^sub LOW^) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 ± 190 mL; REH^sub FULL^). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise. Results In both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 ± 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 ± 10 % (P < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 ± 15 and 87 ± 18 g kg^sup -1^ dry muscle; P = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REH^sub FULL^ than in REH^sub LOW^ (3814 ± 222 vs. 3459 ± 324 g kg^sup -1^ dm, respectively; P < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REH^sub LOW^, per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REH^sub FULL^ this ratio was higher (1:17). Conclusions Our findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REH^sub FULL^) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during recovery from prolonged exercise. Methods On two occasions, nine aerobically trained subjects ( V ˙ O 2 max  = 54.4 ± 1.05 mL kg −1  min −1 ; mean ± SD) dehydrated 4.6 ± 0.2 % by cycling 150 min at 65 % V ˙ O 2 max in a hot-dry environment (33 ± 4 °C). One hour after exercise subjects ingested 250 g of carbohydrates in 400 mL of water (REH LOW ) or the same syrup plus water to match fluid losses (i.e., 3170 ± 190 mL; REH FULL ). Muscle biopsies were obtained before, 1 and 4 h after exercise. Results In both trials muscle water decreased from pre-exercise similarly by 13 ± 6 % and muscle glycogen by 44 ± 10 % ( P  < 0.05). After recovery, glycogen levels were similar in both trials (79 ± 15 and 87 ± 18 g kg −1 dry muscle; P  = 0.20) while muscle water content was higher in REH FULL than in REH LOW (3814 ± 222 vs. 3459 ± 324 g kg −1  dm, respectively; P  < 0.05; ES = 1.06). Despite the insufficient water provided during REH LOW , per each gram of glycogen, 3 g of water was stored in muscle (recovery ratio 1:3) while during REH FULL this ratio was higher (1:17). Conclusions Our findings agree with the long held notion that each gram of glycogen is stored in human muscle with at least 3 g of water. Higher ratios are possible (e.g., during REH FULL ) likely due to water storage not bound to glycogen.
Author Ortega, Juan F.
Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo
Fernández-Elías, Valentín E.
Nelson, Rachael K.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Valentín E.
  surname: Fernández-Elías
  fullname: Fernández-Elías, Valentín E.
  organization: Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Juan F.
  surname: Ortega
  fullname: Ortega, Juan F.
  organization: Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Rachael K.
  surname: Nelson
  fullname: Nelson, Rachael K.
  organization: Exercise and Health Sciences Division, The Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow College of Health Professions, Central Michigan University
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Ricardo
  surname: Mora-Rodriguez
  fullname: Mora-Rodriguez, Ricardo
  email: Ricardo.mora@uclm.es
  organization: Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo, University of Castilla-La Mancha
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25911631$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 9
Keywords Carbohydrates
Muscle glycogen storage
Sweating
Muscle water
Oral rehydration
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19036894 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Apr;106(4):1394-402
3145274 - J Appl Physiol (1985). 1988 Nov;65(5):2018-23
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SSID ssj0008218
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Snippet Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples...
It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples during...
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image) Purpose It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water...
PURPOSEIt is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to water in a proportion of 1:3 g. We investigated this proportion in biopsy samples...
(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae and/or non-USASCII text omitted; see image).Purpose: It is usually stated that glycogen is stored in human muscle bound to...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
springer
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 1919
SubjectTerms Bicycling - physiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body Water - metabolism
Carbohydrates
Glycogen - metabolism
Heat-Shock Response - physiology
Hot Temperature
Human Physiology
Humans
Liver
Male
Muscle, Skeletal - physiology
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Original Article
Physical Endurance - physiology
Recovery of Function - physiology
Sports Medicine
Young Adult
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Title Relationship between muscle water and glycogen recovery after prolonged exercise in the heat in humans
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-015-3175-z
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25911631
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1703888991
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1704354520
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1717501180
Volume 115
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