SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy

Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques th...

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Published inVaccine Vol. 42; no. 2; pp. 339 - 351
Main Authors Sui, Yongjun, Andersen, Hanne, Li, Jianping, Hoang, Tanya, Minai, Mahnaz, Nagata, Bianca M., Bock, Kevin W., Alves, Derron A., Lewis, Mark G., Berzofsky, Jay A.
Format Journal Article
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Published Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 12.01.2024
Elsevier Limited
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Abstract Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don’t develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
AbstractList Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don’t develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don't develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don't develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
AbstractIntranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit mucosal vaccine boost with the beta variant S1 can prevent weight loss, in addition to reducing viral load, which cannot be studied in macaques that don’t develop COVID-like disease. Protective efficacy against both viral load and weight loss correlated with serum antibody titers. A sex bias was detected in that immune responses and protection against viral load were greater in females than males. We also found that priming with S1 from the Wuhan strain elicited lower humoral immune responses against beta variant and led to less protection against beta viral challenge, suggesting the importance of matched antigens. The greater efficacy of mucosal vaccines in the upper respiratory tract and the need to consider sex differences in vaccine protection are important in the development of future improved COVID-19 vaccines.
Author Sui, Yongjun
Lewis, Mark G.
Berzofsky, Jay A.
Alves, Derron A.
Nagata, Bianca M.
Bock, Kevin W.
Minai, Mahnaz
Li, Jianping
Hoang, Tanya
Andersen, Hanne
AuthorAffiliation 3 Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852
2 BIOQUAL Inc., Rockville, MD 20850
1 Vaccine Branch, Center of for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Keywords SARS-CoV-2 variants
Intranasal vaccination
Immune correlation
Adjuvanted subunit vaccine
Sex bias
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YS, JAB designed and interpreted the project. HA, ML participated in study design and interpreted the experiments. YS prepared the vaccines. HA and her team performed the animal study, PRNT assays, and viral load measurements. YS, JL, TH performed antibody assays. DAA, KB, MM, BMN performed tissue processing and microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis. YS performed statistical analyses. YS and JAB wrote the manuscript with input from all the coauthors.
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Snippet Intranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal subunit...
AbstractIntranasal mucosal vaccines can more effectively induce mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we show in hamsters that an intranasal...
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StartPage 339
SubjectTerms Adjuvanted subunit vaccine
Allergy and Immunology
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
Antigens
Bias
blood serum
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 infection
COVID-19 Vaccines
Cricetinae
Effectiveness
Female
Females
Hamsters
Humans
Immune correlation
Immune response (humoral)
Infections
Intranasal vaccination
Macaca
Male
Males
Mucosal immunity
Proteins
respiratory system
Respiratory tract
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 variants
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Sex bias
Sex differences
Sexism
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Vaccines
Viral diseases
viral load
Weight Loss
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Title SARS-CoV-2 mucosal vaccine protects against clinical disease with sex bias in efficacy
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Volume 42
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