Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir

There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of...

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Published inNature (London) Vol. 589; no. 7842; pp. 363 - 370
Main Authors Irving, Aaron T., Ahn, Matae, Goh, Geraldine, Anderson, Danielle E., Wang, Lin-Fa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 21.01.2021
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
13
13/1
13/106
13/109
13/31
45
45/90
45/91
631/181/2474
631/250/2499
631/326/596
631/326/596/4130
Adaptation (Physiology)
Adaptive systems
Analysis
Animals
Asymptomatic Diseases
Bats
Body size
Chiroptera
Chiroptera - immunology
Chiroptera - virology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease Reservoirs - veterinary
Disease Reservoirs - virology
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Host-virus relationships
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Immunological tolerance
Life span
Mammals
Middle East respiratory syndrome
multidisciplinary
Outbreaks
Pandemics
Perspective
Physiological aspects
Public health
Respiratory diseases
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Tumorigenesis
Varieties
Viral diseases
Viral Zoonoses - immunology
Viral Zoonoses - transmission
Viral Zoonoses - virology
Viruses
Zoonoses
Singapore
Middle East
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Abstract There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats—the only flying mammal—display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind. Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses.
AbstractList There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats-the only flying mammal-display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind.
There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)--as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats--the only flying mammal--display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind.
There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)—as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats—the only flying mammal—display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind. Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses.
There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COV1D-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats-the only flying mammal-display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind.
There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)--as well as the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Notably, all of these outbreaks have been linked to suspected zoonotic transmission of bat-borne viruses. Bats--the only flying mammal--display several additional features that are unique among mammals, such as a long lifespan relative to body size, a low rate of tumorigenesis and an exceptional ability to host viruses without presenting clinical disease. Here we discuss the mechanisms that underpin the host defence system and immune tolerance of bats, and their ramifications for human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that 64 million years of adaptive evolution have shaped the host defence system of bats to balance defence and tolerance, which has resulted in a unique ability to act as an ideal reservoir host for viruses. Lessons from the effective host defence of bats would help us to better understand viral evolution and to better predict, prevent and control future viral spillovers. Studying the mechanisms of immune tolerance in bats could lead to new approaches to improving human health. We strongly believe that it is time to focus on bats in research for the benefit of both bats and humankind. Unique biological traits of bats and adaptive evolution associated with flight confer immunotolerance of viral infection that may help to make bats special reservoir hosts for viruses.
Audience Academic
Author Ahn, Matae
Wang, Lin-Fa
Anderson, Danielle E.
Irving, Aaron T.
Goh, Geraldine
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Aaron T.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0196-1570
  surname: Irving
  fullname: Irving, Aaron T.
  email: aaronirving@intl.zju.edu.cn
  organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Matae
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2114-8250
  surname: Ahn
  fullname: Ahn, Matae
  organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Geraldine
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2370-6287
  surname: Goh
  fullname: Goh, Geraldine
  organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Danielle E.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4791-5024
  surname: Anderson
  fullname: Anderson, Danielle E.
  organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Lin-Fa
  orcidid: 0000-0003-2752-0535
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Lin-Fa
  email: linfa.wang@duke-nus.edu.sg
  organization: Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33473223$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm.3893
  contributor:
    fullname: H Guo
– volume: 26
  start-page: 450
  year: 2020
  ident: 3128_CR2
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9
  contributor:
    fullname: KG Andersen
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Snippet There have been several major outbreaks of emerging viral diseases, including Hendra, Nipah, Marburg and Ebola virus diseases, severe acute respiratory...
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springer
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SubjectTerms 13
13/1
13/106
13/109
13/31
45
45/90
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631/181/2474
631/250/2499
631/326/596
631/326/596/4130
Adaptation (Physiology)
Adaptive systems
Analysis
Animals
Asymptomatic Diseases
Bats
Body size
Chiroptera
Chiroptera - immunology
Chiroptera - virology
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease Reservoirs - veterinary
Disease Reservoirs - virology
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Host-virus relationships
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Immune Tolerance
Immunological tolerance
Life span
Mammals
Middle East respiratory syndrome
multidisciplinary
Outbreaks
Pandemics
Perspective
Physiological aspects
Public health
Respiratory diseases
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
Tumorigenesis
Varieties
Viral diseases
Viral Zoonoses - immunology
Viral Zoonoses - transmission
Viral Zoonoses - virology
Viruses
Zoonoses
Title Lessons from the host defences of bats, a unique viral reservoir
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41586-020-03128-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33473223
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2480007696
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2479749140
Volume 589
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