Biosynthesis of nervonic acid and perspectives for its production by microalgae and other microorganisms

Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae....

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Published inApplied microbiology and biotechnology Vol. 102; no. 7; pp. 3027 - 3035
Main Authors Fan, Yong, Meng, Hui-Min, Hu, Guang-Rong, Li, Fu-Li
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.04.2018
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Algae
Aquatic microorganisms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Chains
Elongation
Fatty acids
Fungi
Gene expression
genes
heterologous gene expression
Life Sciences
malonyl coenzyme A
mammals
Mental disorders
Metabolism
Methods
Microalgae
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mini-Review
nervonic acid
neurodevelopment
Neurological diseases
Oleic acid
Physiological aspects
plants (botany)
Psychosis
Substantia alba
Yeast
yeasts
Metabolic engineering
Synthetic biology
Very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids
Cellular engineering
3-Ketoacyl-CoA synthesis
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Abstract Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
AbstractList Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the treatment of psychotic disorders and neurological development. In the nature, NA has been synthesized by a handful plants, fungi, and microalgae. Although the metabolism of fatty acid has been studied for decades, the biosynthesis of NA has yet to be illustrated. Generally, the biosynthesis of NA is considered starting from oleic acid through fatty acid elongation, in which malonyl-CoA and long-chain acyl-CoA are firstly condensed by a rate-limiting enzyme 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS). Heterologous expression of kcs gene from high NA producing species in plants and yeast has led to synthesis of NA. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that desaturases in a few plants can catalyze very long-chain saturated fatty acid into NA. This review highlights recent advances in the biosynthesis, the sources, and the biotechnological aspects of NA.
Audience Academic
Author Meng, Hui-Min
Hu, Guang-Rong
Li, Fu-Li
Fan, Yong
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  organization: Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29478140$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ISSN 0175-7598
1432-0614
IngestDate Tue Aug 05 10:14:36 EDT 2025
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Fri Feb 21 02:37:21 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed true
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Issue 7
Keywords Metabolic engineering
Synthetic biology
Very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids
Cellular engineering
3-Ketoacyl-CoA synthesis
Language English
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PublicationTitle Applied microbiology and biotechnology
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Snippet Nervonic acid (NA) is a major very long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in the white matter of mammalian brains, which plays a critical role in the...
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SubjectTerms Algae
Aquatic microorganisms
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biosynthesis
Biotechnology
Chains
Elongation
Fatty acids
Fungi
Gene expression
genes
heterologous gene expression
Life Sciences
malonyl coenzyme A
mammals
Mental disorders
Metabolism
Methods
Microalgae
Microbial Genetics and Genomics
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mini-Review
nervonic acid
neurodevelopment
Neurological diseases
Oleic acid
Physiological aspects
plants (botany)
Psychosis
Substantia alba
Yeast
yeasts
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Title Biosynthesis of nervonic acid and perspectives for its production by microalgae and other microorganisms
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