Early smallpox vaccine manufacturing in the United States: Introduction of the “animal vaccine” in 1870, establishment of “vaccine farms”, and the beginnings of the vaccine industry - Esparza, José; Lederman, Seth; Nitsche, Andreas; Damaso, Clarissa R. (Vaccine, 2020)
Keywords: 19th century; Allergy and Immunology; Animal vaccines; Animals; Antitoxins; Calves; Cattle; Contamination; Cowpox; Diphtheria; Diphtheria antitoxin; Europe; Evolution; Farms; Humans; Immunization; industry; Pasteur, Louis (1822-95); Physicians; Sexually transmitted diseases; Smallpox; Smallpox - prevention & control; Smallpox Vaccine; STD; Syphilis; Tetanus; United States; Vaccination; Vaccine farm; Vaccine industry; Vaccines; Vaccinia; Vaccinia virus; United States; Europe; New York; United Kingdom--UK; United States--US; England; Italy; France; Vaccine industry; Smallpox; Vaccine farm; Vaccinia; Diphtheria antitoxin; Smallpox vaccine