Vaccination with short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs efficiently activated STLV-1-specific CTLs in naturally STLV-1-infected Japanese monkeys with impaired CTL responses

A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaire...

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Published inPLoS pathogens Vol. 19; no. 2; p. e1011104
Main Authors Hasegawa, Atsuhiko, Murata, Megumi, Fujikawa, Tomoka, Katagiri, Kuniko, Nagano, Yoshiko, Masuda, Takao, Kuramitsu, Madoka, Nakajima, Shinsuke, Fujisawa, Jun-ichi, Okuma, Kazu, Grover, Poonam, Kidiga, Maureen, Akari, Hirofumi, Kannagi, Mari
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LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 02.02.2023
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Abstract A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3–4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro . These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo .
AbstractList A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3-4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo.
A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3-4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo.A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3-4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro. These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo.
A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3–4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro . These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo .
A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant lymphoproliferative disease with a poor prognosis. HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), potential anti-tumor/virus effectors, are impaired in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients. Here, using Japanese monkeys naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) as a model, we demonstrate that short-term-cultured autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) can serve as a therapeutic vaccine to activate such CTLs. In a screening test, STLV-1-specific CTL activity was detectable in 8/10 naturally STLV-1-infected monkeys. We conducted a vaccine study in the remaining two monkeys with impaired CTL responses. The short-term-cultured PBMCs of these monkeys spontaneously expressed viral antigens, in a similar way to PBMCs from human HTLV-1 carriers. The first monkey was subcutaneously inoculated with three-day-cultured and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated autologous PBMCs, and then boosted with MMC-treated autologous STLV-1-infected cell line cells. The second monkey was inoculated with autologous PBMC-vaccine alone twice. In addition, a third monkey that originally showed a weak STLV-1-specific CTL response was inoculated with similar autologous PBMC-vaccines. In all three vaccinated monkeys, marked activation of STLV-1-specific CTLs and a mild reduction in the STLV-1 proviral load were observed. Follow-up analyses on the two monkeys vaccinated with PBMCs alone indicated that STLV-1-specific CTL responses peaked at 3–4 months after vaccination, and then diminished but remained detectable for more than one year. The significant reduction in the proviral load and the control of viral expression were associated with CTL activation but also diminished 6 and 12 months after vaccination, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a booster. The vaccine-induced CTLs in these monkeys recognized epitopes in the STLV-1 Tax and/or Envelope proteins, and efficiently killed autologous STLV-1-infected cells in vitro . These findings indicated that the autologous PBMC-based vaccine could induce functional STLV-1-specific CTLs in vivo . Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in a small proportion of infected individuals. ATL patients exhibit impaired HTLV-1-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, even in the early stages of the disease. Activation of these CTLs may induce anti-ATL effects, as suggested by the favorable clinical outcomes in a recent clinical study of a Tax peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine in ATL patients with limited HLA alleles. Paradoxically, HTLV-1 expression is extremely low in vivo , where Tax is undetectable by serological means. These findings imply that HTLV-1 expression in vivo may be too scarce to restore the impaired CTLs but could be recognized by CTLs once they are activated. Notably, short-term culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HTLV-1-infected individuals induces viral antigens and can activate antigen-presenting cells. In the present study, using Japanese monkeys that were naturally infected with simian T-cell leukemia/T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (STLV-1) closely related to HTLV-1, we demonstrated that vaccination with short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs evoked functional STLV-1-specific CTL responses in the subgroup of monkeys that originally exhibited impaired STLV-1-specific CTL activities. These results imply that short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs could act as an anti-ATL vaccine, without being limited by HLA.
Audience Academic
Author Masuda, Takao
Murata, Megumi
Nagano, Yoshiko
Fujikawa, Tomoka
Katagiri, Kuniko
Grover, Poonam
Fujisawa, Jun-ichi
Kannagi, Mari
Kuramitsu, Madoka
Okuma, Kazu
Nakajima, Shinsuke
Akari, Hirofumi
Hasegawa, Atsuhiko
Kidiga, Maureen
AuthorAffiliation 2 Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Biology, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
4 Research Center for Biological Products in the Next Generation, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
5 Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
3 Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Imperial College London, UNITED KINGDOM
1 Deparment of Immunotherapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Imperial College London, UNITED KINGDOM
– name: 5 Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730466$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1186_s12985_024_02434_7
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241411737
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Copyright Copyright: © 2023 Hasegawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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– notice: 2023 Hasegawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
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DocumentTitleAlternate Autologous PBMC-vaccine restored STLV-1-specific CTLs in naturally infected monkeys
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  article-title: High human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-specific precursor cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies in patients with HTLV-1-associated neurological disease
  publication-title: J Exp Med
  doi: 10.1084/jem.177.6.1567
– volume: 109
  start-page: 2383
  issue: 8
  year: 2018
  ident: ppat.1011104.ref019
  article-title: Human T-cell lymphotropic/leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax-specific T-cell exhaustion in HTLV-1-infected individuals
  publication-title: Cancer Sci
  doi: 10.1111/cas.13654
– volume: 313
  start-page: 61
  issue: 1–2
  year: 2006
  ident: ppat.1011104.ref024
  article-title: Human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I)-specific T-cell responses detected using three-divided glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-Tax fusion proteins
  publication-title: J Immunol Methods
  doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.03.013
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Snippet A small proportion of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, a chemotherapy-resistant...
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StartPage e1011104
SubjectTerms Animals
Antigens
Asymptomatic
Biology and Life Sciences
Chemotherapy
Cytotoxicity
Dendritic cells
Disease
Epitopes
Flow cytometry
Host-virus relationships
HTLV-I infections
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1
Humans
Immune response
Immunization
Immunoproliferative diseases
In vivo methods and tests
Infections
Leukemia
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Lymphoma
Macaca fuscata
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mitomycin C
Monkeys
Monkeys & apes
Monoclonal antibodies
Observations
Patients
Peptides
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Prevention
Proviruses
Reduction
Research and Analysis Methods
Simian T-lymphotropic virus 1
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Testing
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Vaccination
Vaccines
Viral envelope proteins
Viruses
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Title Vaccination with short-term-cultured autologous PBMCs efficiently activated STLV-1-specific CTLs in naturally STLV-1-infected Japanese monkeys with impaired CTL responses
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36730466
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2787636707
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2773121904
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC9928132
https://doaj.org/article/3ab840225829417bbfff96d171c56a63
Volume 19
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