Long-term relationships between summer clouds and aerosols over mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere

While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term...

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Published inScientific Reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 9059 - 8
Main Authors Watari, Akihisa, Iizuka, Yoshinori, Fujita, Koji, Masunaga, Hirohiko, Kawamoto, Kazuaki
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Springer Science and Business Media LLC 20.04.2024
Nature Publishing Group UK
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects
639/638
704/106
704/172
Aerosols
Air temperature
Climate prediction
Humanities and Social Sciences
Ice
Latitude
Medicine
multidisciplinary
Q
R
Relative humidity
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfates
Summer
Northern Hemisphere
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Abstract While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO 4 2− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer CC T In terms of decadal changes, CC T was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
AbstractList Abstract While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO4 2− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( $${N}_{d}$$ N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T In terms of decadal changes, $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, $${{{\text{SO}}}_{4}}^{2-}$$ SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO 4 2− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${CC}_{T}$$\end{document} CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${N}_{d}$$\end{document} N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${CC}_{T}$$\end{document} CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${CC}_{T}$$\end{document} CC T In terms of decadal changes, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${CC}_{T}$$\end{document} CC T was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{{\text{SO}}}_{4}}^{2-}$$\end{document} SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( ) and cloud droplet concentration ( ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer In terms of decadal changes, was approximately 3-5% higher in the 1960s-1970s than in the 1990s-2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO42− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts (CCT) and cloud droplet concentration (Nd) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of CCT via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer CCT In terms of decadal changes, CCT was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, SO42- flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO 4 2− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( $${N}_{d}$$ N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T In terms of decadal changes, $${CC}_{T}$$ CC T was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, $${{{\text{SO}}}_{4}}^{2-}$$ SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO 4 2− flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer CC T In terms of decadal changes, CC T was approximately 3–5% higher in the 1960s–1970s than in the 1990s–2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO42- flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer CC T In terms of decadal changes, CC T was approximately 3-5% higher in the 1960s-1970s than in the 1990s-2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal, relationship. It is important to quantify the aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) for mitigating uncertainty in climate prediction. Here the long-term ACI over the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere was analyzed by using seasonally-resolved ion fluxes reconstructed from a southeastern Greenland ice core (SE-Dome ice core) as aerosol proxies, and satellite-based summer cloud amount between 1982 and 2014. As a result, SO42- flux in the ice core shows significant positive correlation with total cloud amounts ( CC T ) and cloud droplet concentration ( N d ) in the summer over the southeastern Greenland Sea, implying that the sulfate aerosols may contribute to the variability of CC T via microphysical cloud processes. Significant positive correlations are persistent even under the constrained conditions when cloud formation factors such as relative humidity, air temperature at cloud height, and summer North Atlantic Oscillation are limited within ± 1σ variability. Hence sulfate aerosols should control the interannual variability of summer CC T In terms of decadal changes, CC T was approximately 3-5% higher in the 1960s-1970s than in the 1990s-2000s, which can be explained by changes in the, SO 4 2 - flux preserved in the SE-Dome ice core.
ArticleNumber 9059
Author Kazuaki Kawamoto
Akihisa Watari
Yoshinori Iizuka
Hirohiko Masunaga
Koji Fujita
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Akihisa
  surname: Watari
  fullname: Watari, Akihisa
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  organization: Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Nippon Koei Energy Solutions Co., Ltd
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  givenname: Yoshinori
  surname: Iizuka
  fullname: Iizuka, Yoshinori
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  organization: Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University
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  givenname: Koji
  surname: Fujita
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  organization: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University
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  givenname: Hirohiko
  surname: Masunaga
  fullname: Masunaga, Hirohiko
  organization: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Kazuaki
  surname: Kawamoto
  fullname: Kawamoto, Kazuaki
  organization: Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38643285$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_atmosres_2025_108066
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Snippet While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to decadal,...
Abstract While the short-term relationship between clouds and aerosols is well known, no adequate data is available to verify the longer-term, annual to...
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Open Access Repository
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StartPage 9059
SubjectTerms 639/638
704/106
704/172
Aerosols
Air temperature
Climate prediction
Humanities and Social Sciences
Ice
Latitude
Medicine
multidisciplinary
Q
R
Relative humidity
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Sulfates
Summer
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Title Long-term relationships between summer clouds and aerosols over mid-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
URI https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1873680966336552064
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s41598-024-59817-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38643285
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3042216619
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3043072761
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11032361
https://doaj.org/article/e4715f835d444ee5a0cb29b8477ed59b
Volume 14
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