Amino acids in cancer

Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer 1 . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon...

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Published inExperimental & molecular medicine Vol. 52; no. 1; pp. 15 - 30
Main Authors Lieu, Elizabeth L., Nguyen, Tu, Rhyne, Shawn, Kim, Jiyeon
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2020
Springer Nature B.V
Nature Publishing Group
생화학분자생물학회
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Abstract Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer 1 . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention. Cancer: How tumors hijack basic building blocks Cancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better understanding of these changes could lead to new cancer therapies. Cancer was already known to alter the body’s sugar metabolism to feed extra energy to fast-growing tumors. Recent reports have revealed that cancer also rewires amino acid metabolism. Jiyeon Kim at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and co-workers have reviewed how cancer co-opts amino acids. They report that tumors use amino acids as an energy source and antioxidant precursor to balance their production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Amino acids are also instrumental in annotating the epigenetic code to enhance or suppress expression of tumor-related genes. The review illuminates a promising new approach to cancer therapeutics.
AbstractList Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg's seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer 1 . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention. Cancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better understanding of these changes could lead to new cancer therapies. Cancer was already known to alter the body’s sugar metabolism to feed extra energy to fast-growing tumors. Recent reports have revealed that cancer also rewires amino acid metabolism. Jiyeon Kim at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and co-workers have reviewed how cancer co-opts amino acids. They report that tumors use amino acids as an energy source and antioxidant precursor to balance their production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Amino acids are also instrumental in annotating the epigenetic code to enhance or suppress expression of tumor-related genes. The review illuminates a promising new approach to cancer therapeutics.
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg's seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer1. The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg's seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer1. The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer1. The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.Cancer: How tumors hijack basic building blocksCancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better understanding of these changes could lead to new cancer therapies. Cancer was already known to alter the body’s sugar metabolism to feed extra energy to fast-growing tumors. Recent reports have revealed that cancer also rewires amino acid metabolism. Jiyeon Kim at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and co-workers have reviewed how cancer co-opts amino acids. They report that tumors use amino acids as an energy source and antioxidant precursor to balance their production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Amino acids are also instrumental in annotating the epigenetic code to enhance or suppress expression of tumor-related genes. The review illuminates a promising new approach to cancer therapeutics.
Cancer: How tumors hijack basic building blocks Cancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better understanding of these changes could lead to new cancer therapies. Cancer was already known to alter the body’s sugar metabolism to feed extra energy to fast-growing tumors. Recent reports have revealed that cancer also rewires amino acid metabolism. Jiyeon Kim at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and co-workers have reviewed how cancer co-opts amino acids. They report that tumors use amino acids as an energy source and antioxidant precursor to balance their production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Amino acids are also instrumental in annotating the epigenetic code to enhance or suppress expression of tumor-related genes. The review illuminates a promising new approach to cancer therapeutics.
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer 1 . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention. Cancer: How tumors hijack basic building blocks Cancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better understanding of these changes could lead to new cancer therapies. Cancer was already known to alter the body’s sugar metabolism to feed extra energy to fast-growing tumors. Recent reports have revealed that cancer also rewires amino acid metabolism. Jiyeon Kim at the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA, and co-workers have reviewed how cancer co-opts amino acids. They report that tumors use amino acids as an energy source and antioxidant precursor to balance their production of toxic reactive oxygen species. Amino acids are also instrumental in annotating the epigenetic code to enhance or suppress expression of tumor-related genes. The review illuminates a promising new approach to cancer therapeutics.
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer1. The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention. KCI Citation Count: 0
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics of cancer 1 . The field of cancer metabolism subsequently revealed additional metabolic alterations in cancer by focusing on central carbon metabolism, including the citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathway. Recent reports have, however, uncovered substantial non-carbon metabolism contributions to cancer cell viability and growth. Amino acids, nutrients vital to the survival of all cell types, experience reprogrammed metabolism in cancer. This review outlines the diverse roles of amino acids within the tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. Beyond their role in biosynthesis, they serve as energy sources and help maintain redox balance. In addition, amino acid derivatives contribute to epigenetic regulation and immune responses linked to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, in discussing the transporters and transaminases that mediate amino acid uptake and synthesis, we identify potential metabolic liabilities as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Author Rhyne, Shawn
Kim, Jiyeon
Lieu, Elizabeth L.
Nguyen, Tu
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Elizabeth L.
  surname: Lieu
  fullname: Lieu, Elizabeth L.
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Tu
  surname: Nguyen
  fullname: Nguyen, Tu
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Shawn
  surname: Rhyne
  fullname: Rhyne, Shawn
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Jiyeon
  surname: Kim
  fullname: Kim, Jiyeon
  email: jiyeonk@uic.edu
  organization: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31980738$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing...
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg's seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing...
Cancer: How tumors hijack basic building blocks Cancer changes how the body uses amino acids, the building blocks that all proteins are made of. A better...
Over 90 years ago, Otto Warburg’s seminal discovery of aerobic glycolysis established metabolic reprogramming as one of the first distinguishing characteristics...
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SubjectTerms 631/67/2327
631/80
Amino acids
Amino Acids - metabolism
Animals
Antioxidants
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer
Cell survival
Cell viability
Citric acid
Energy metabolism
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Epigenetics
Glycolysis
Humans
Immune response
Medical Biochemistry
Metabolism
Metastases
Molecular Medicine
Neoplasms - metabolism
Nutrients
Pentose phosphate pathway
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Review Article
Stem Cells
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
생화학
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Title Amino acids in cancer
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/s12276-020-0375-3
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