Evaluation of Mobile Phone and Cordless Phone Use and Glioma Risk Using the Bradford Hill Viewpoints from 1965 on Association or Causation

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 17
• Main Authors: Carlberg, Michael, Hardell, Lennart
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2017; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Brain cancer; Care and treatment; Case-Control Studies; Cell Phone; Cellular telephones; Epidemiology; Glioma - epidemiology; Glioma - etiology; Glioma - pathology; Gliomas; Health risk assessment; Humans; Radio Waves - adverse effects; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Review; Risk Factors; Studies; Temporal Lobe - pathology; Temporal Lobe - radiation effects

Objective. Bradford Hill’s viewpoints from 1965 on association or causation were used on glioma risk and use of mobile or cordless phones. Methods. All nine viewpoints were evaluated based on epidemiology and laboratory studies. Results. Strength: meta-analysis of case-control studies gave odds rati...