Solution-Processed Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells with 16.61% Efficiency

Highlights The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level tuning effect was induced to create a suitable work function. Flexible organic solar cells yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.61%, a high flex...

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Published in	Nano-micro letters Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 44 - 14
Main Authors	Wan, Juanyong, Xia, Yonggao, Fang, Junfeng, Zhang, Zhiguo, Xu, Bingang, Wang, Jinzhao, Ai, Ling, Song, Weijie, Hui, Kwun Nam, Fan, Xi, Li, Yongfang
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01.12.2021 Springer Nature B.V SpringerOpen
Subjects	Anodes Commercialization Conducting polymers Efficiency Electrodes Energy levels Engineering Flexibility Flexible organic solar cell Low temperature Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Organic Solar Cells PEDOT:PSS Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Solution processing Solution-processed transparent conducting electrode Thermal stability Triflic acid Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid doping Wettability Work functions Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid doping Solution-processed transparent conducting electrode Solution processing Flexible organic solar cell PEDOT:PSS
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Abstract	Highlights The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level tuning effect was induced to create a suitable work function. Flexible organic solar cells yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.61%, a high flexibility, and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF 3 SO 3 H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq −1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq −1 ), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.
AbstractList	Highlights The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level tuning effect was induced to create a suitable work function. Flexible organic solar cells yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.61%, a high flexibility, and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF 3 SO 3 H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq −1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq −1 ), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. HighlightsThe PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF3SO3H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability.An energy level tuning effect was induced to create a suitable work function.Flexible organic solar cells yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.61%, a high flexibility, and a good thermal stability.Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq−1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq−1), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF 3 SO 3 H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq −1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq −1 ), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. Abstract Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq−1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq−1), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level tuning effect was induced to create a suitable work function. Flexible organic solar cells yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.61%, a high flexibility, and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF 3 SO 3 H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF 3 SO 3 H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq −1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq −1 ), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF SO H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF SO H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq (minimum value: 32 Ω sq ), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability. Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq-1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq-1), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization, high-performance flexible OSCs should be pursued through solution manufacturing. Herein, we report a solution-processed flexible OSC based on a transparent conducting PEDOT:PSS anode doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (CF3SO3H). Through a low-concentration and low-temperature CF3SO3H doping, the conducting polymer anodes exhibited a main sheet resistance of 35 Ω sq-1 (minimum value: 32 Ω sq-1), a raised work function (≈ 5.0 eV), a superior wettability, and a high electrical stability. The high work function minimized the energy level mismatch among the anodes, hole-transporting layers and electron-donors of the active layers, thereby leading to an enhanced carrier extraction. The solution-processed flexible OSCs yielded a record-high efficiency of 16.41% (maximum value: 16.61%). Besides, the flexible OSCs afforded the 1000 cyclic bending tests at the radius of 1.5 mm and the long-time thermal treatments at 85 °C, demonstrating a high flexibility and a good thermal stability.
ArticleNumber	44
Author	Li, Yongfang Zhang, Zhiguo Xu, Bingang Fan, Xi Wang, Jinzhao Ai, Ling Hui, Kwun Nam Wan, Juanyong Fang, Junfeng Song, Weijie Xia, Yonggao
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Juanyong surname: Wan fullname: Wan, Juanyong organization: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 2 givenname: Yonggao surname: Xia fullname: Xia, Yonggao organization: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Junfeng surname: Fang fullname: Fang, Junfeng email: jffang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn organization: School of Physics and Electronics Science, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University – sequence: 4 givenname: Zhiguo surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Zhiguo email: zgzhangwhu@iccas.ac.cn organization: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology – sequence: 5 givenname: Bingang surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Bingang organization: Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University – sequence: 6 givenname: Jinzhao surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jinzhao organization: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hubei University – sequence: 7 givenname: Ling surname: Ai fullname: Ai, Ling organization: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 8 givenname: Weijie surname: Song fullname: Song, Weijie organization: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 9 givenname: Kwun Nam surname: Hui fullname: Hui, Kwun Nam organization: Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau – sequence: 10 givenname: Xi surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Xi email: fanxi@nimte.ac.cn organization: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences – sequence: 11 givenname: Yongfang surname: Li fullname: Li, Yongfang organization: Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Keywords	Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid doping Solution-processed transparent conducting electrode Solution processing Flexible organic solar cell PEDOT:PSS
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Publisher	Springer Nature Singapore Springer Nature B.V SpringerOpen
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Snippet	Highlights The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level... Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC commercialization,... HighlightsThe PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF3SO3H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability.An energy level tuning... The PEDOT:PSS flexible electrodes with a unique CF 3 SO 3 H treatment exhibited high electrical characteristics and stability. An energy level tuning effect... Abstract Nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved breakthrough with pushing the efficiency exceeding 17%. While this shed light on OSC...
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SubjectTerms	Anodes Commercialization Conducting polymers Efficiency Electrodes Energy levels Engineering Flexibility Flexible organic solar cell Low temperature Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Microengineering Organic Solar Cells PEDOT:PSS Photovoltaic cells Solar cells Solution processing Solution-processed transparent conducting electrode Thermal stability Triflic acid Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid doping Wettability Work functions
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Title	Solution-Processed Transparent Conducting Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells with 16.61% Efficiency
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40820-020-00566-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34138225 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2475005685 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2538892595 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2542359597 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8187532 https://doaj.org/article/0fc70a2b1b1142649db5ce6965424153
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