Metasurface-assisted phase-matching-free second harmonic generation in lithium niobate waveguides
The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, whi...
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| Published in | Nature communications Vol. 8; no. 1; pp. 2098 - 7 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
13.12.2017
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2041-1723 2041-1723 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41467-017-02189-6 |
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| Abstract | The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (
λ
= 1580–1650 nm).
Phase matching is a crucial condition for nonlinear optical processes. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate that a gradient metasurface composed of phased array antennas allows phase-matching-free frequency conversion over a pump wavelength range of almost 100 nm. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (λ = 1580–1650 nm). The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths ( λ = 1580–1650 nm). The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths ( λ = 1580–1650 nm). Phase matching is a crucial condition for nonlinear optical processes. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate that a gradient metasurface composed of phased array antennas allows phase-matching-free frequency conversion over a pump wavelength range of almost 100 nm. Phase matching is a crucial condition for nonlinear optical processes. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate that a gradient metasurface composed of phased array antennas allows phase-matching-free frequency conversion over a pump wavelength range of almost 100 nm. The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (λ = 1580-1650 nm).The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using either birefringent or periodically poled nonlinear crystals, which requires careful dispersion engineering and is usually narrowband. In recent years, metasurfaces consisting of densely packed arrays of optical antennas have been demonstrated to provide an effective optical momentum to bend light in arbitrary ways. Here, we demonstrate that gradient metasurface structures consisting of phased array antennas are able to circumvent the phase-matching requirement in on-chip nonlinear wavelength conversion. We experimentally demonstrate phase-matching-free second harmonic generation over many coherent lengths in thin film lithium niobate waveguides patterned with the gradient metasurfaces. Efficient second harmonic generation in the metasurface-based devices is observed over a wide range of pump wavelengths (λ = 1580-1650 nm). |
| ArticleNumber | 2098 |
| Author | Ren, Xi-Feng Lončar, Marko Guo, Guang-Can Xiong, Xiao Li, Zhaoyi Wang, Cheng Yu, Nanfang Kim, Myoung-Hwan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Cheng surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Cheng organization: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University – sequence: 2 givenname: Zhaoyi surname: Li fullname: Li, Zhaoyi organization: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University – sequence: 3 givenname: Myoung-Hwan surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Myoung-Hwan organization: Department of Physics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiao surname: Xiong fullname: Xiong, Xiao organization: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Key Laboratory of Quantum Information & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 5 givenname: Xi-Feng surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Xi-Feng organization: Key Laboratory of Quantum Information & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 6 givenname: Guang-Can surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Guang-Can organization: Key Laboratory of Quantum Information & Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China – sequence: 7 givenname: Nanfang surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Nanfang email: ny2214@columbia.edu organization: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University – sequence: 8 givenname: Marko surname: Lončar fullname: Lončar, Marko email: loncar@seas.harvard.edu organization: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235473$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1624063$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| DOI | 10.1038/s41467-017-02189-6 |
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| Snippet | The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes... Phase matching is a crucial condition for nonlinear optical processes. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate that a gradient metasurface composed of phased array... |
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| SubjectTerms | 639/624/399/1015 639/624/400/385 Antenna arrays Antennas Conversion Crystals ENGINEERING Humanities and Social Sciences Lithium Lithium niobates metamaterials Metasurfaces multidisciplinary Narrowband nonlinear optics Phase matching Photons Science science & technology Science (multidisciplinary) Second harmonic generation Thin films Waveguides Wavelength Wavelengths X-rays |
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| Title | Metasurface-assisted phase-matching-free second harmonic generation in lithium niobate waveguides |
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