The energy landscape of adenylate kinase during catalysis

Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg 2+ activates two distinct molecular events in the reaction cycle: phosphoryl transfer and lid opening. Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseco...

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Published inNature structural & molecular biology Vol. 22; no. 2; pp. 124 - 131
Main Authors Kerns, S Jordan, Agafonov, Roman V, Cho, Young-Jin, Pontiggia, Francesco, Otten, Renee, Pachov, Dimitar V, Kutter, Steffen, Phung, Lien A, Murphy, Padraig N, Thai, Vu, Alber, Tom, Hagan, Michael F, Kern, Dorothee
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Nature Publishing Group US 01.02.2015
Nature Publishing Group
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Abstract Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg 2+ activates two distinct molecular events in the reaction cycle: phosphoryl transfer and lid opening. Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg 2+ cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>10 5 -fold) and lid opening (10 3 -fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 10 3 -fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
AbstractList Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg 2+ activates two distinct molecular events in the reaction cycle: phosphoryl transfer and lid opening. Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg 2+ cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>10 5 -fold) and lid opening (10 3 -fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 10 3 -fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. In this paper, we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg2+ cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>105-fold) and lid opening (103-fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 103-fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Finally, our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg(2+) cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>10(5)-fold) and lid opening (10(3)-fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 10(3)-fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, MD simulations, and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg 2+ cofactor activates two distinct molecular events, phosphoryl transfer (>10 5 -fold) and lid-opening (10 3 -fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active-site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 10 3 -fold without substantially affecting lid-opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a pre-organized active site.
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the [Mg.sup.2+] cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>[10.sup.5]-fold) and lid opening ([10.sup.3]-fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer [10.sup.3]-fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions. Despite extensive studies, a comprehensive understanding of kinase energy landscapes, including both chemical and conformational steps, is lacking. Here we scrutinize the microscopic steps in the catalytic cycle of adenylate kinase, through a combination of NMR measurements during catalysis, pre-steady-state kinetics, molecular-dynamics simulations and crystallography of active complexes. We find that the Mg2+ cofactor activates two distinct molecular events: phosphoryl transfer (>105 -fold) and lid opening (103 -fold). In contrast, mutation of an essential active site arginine decelerates phosphoryl transfer 103 -fold without substantially affecting lid opening. Our results highlight the importance of the entire energy landscape in catalysis and suggest that adenylate kinases have evolved to activate key processes simultaneously by precise placement of a single, charged and very abundant cofactor in a preorganized active site.
Audience Academic
Author Murphy, Padraig N
Thai, Vu
Kerns, S Jordan
Pachov, Dimitar V
Alber, Tom
Hagan, Michael F
Phung, Lien A
Kern, Dorothee
Kutter, Steffen
Otten, Renee
Agafonov, Roman V
Pontiggia, Francesco
Cho, Young-Jin
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
2 Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
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  surname: Cho
  fullname: Cho, Young-Jin
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Present addresses: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.J.K.), New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea (Y.-J.C.) and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA (V.T.)
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  fullname: Otten, Renee
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
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  surname: Pachov
  fullname: Pachov, Dimitar V
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
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  surname: Kutter
  fullname: Kutter, Steffen
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
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  surname: Phung
  fullname: Phung, Lien A
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
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  surname: Murphy
  fullname: Murphy, Padraig N
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Vu
  surname: Thai
  fullname: Thai, Vu
  organization: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brandeis University, Present addresses: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (S.J.K.), New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea (Y.-J.C.) and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA (V.T.)
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580578$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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COPYRIGHT 2015 Nature Publishing Group
Copyright Nature Publishing Group Feb 2015
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National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States)
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
FG02-05ER15699; RO1-GM100966; DRG-2114-12
Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (United States)
Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (S.J.K); New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, Korea (Y.-J.C.); Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA (V.T.)
These authors contributed equally to this work
Present addresses
OpenAccessLink https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182309
PMID 25580578
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Snippet Structural, computation and kinetics approaches reveal the energy landscape of catalysis by adenylate kinase and show that the cofactor Mg 2+ activates two...
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8,000 years under physiological conditions....
Kinases perform phosphoryl-transfer reactions in milliseconds; without enzymes, these reactions would take about 8000 years under physiological conditions....
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StartPage 124
SubjectTerms 101/6
631/45/173
631/45/275
631/535/1266
631/535/878/1263
82
Adenylate kinase
Adenylate Kinase - chemistry
Adenylate Kinase - metabolism
Binding Sites
Biochemistry
Biological Microscopy
Biology
Catalysis
Catalytic Domain
Crystallography
Crystallography, X-Ray
Energy
Enzyme mechanisms
Enzymes
INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Kinases
Life Sciences
Ligands
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Membrane Biology
Models, Molecular
Phosphate esters
Phosphorylation
Physiological aspects
Protein Structure
Proteins
Solution-state NMR
Structure
X-ray crystallography
Title The energy landscape of adenylate kinase during catalysis
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nsmb.2941
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25580578
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1651177649
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1652451675
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182309
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4318763
Volume 22
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