Hyperbolic trade-off: The importance of balancing trial and subject sample sizes in neuroimaging

• Published in: NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 247; p. 118786
• Main Authors: Chen, Gang, Pine, Daniel S., Brotman, Melissa A., Smith, Ashley R., Cox, Robert W., Taylor, Paul A., Haller, Simone P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15.02.2022; Elsevier Limited; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Big Data; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain mapping; Brain research; Clinical Trials as Topic - standards; Cognitive ability; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Design; Efficiency; Experiments; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Humans; Hypotheses; Medical imaging; Neuroimaging; Neuroimaging - standards; Parameter estimation; Population; Research Design - standards; Sample Size; Statistics

Here we investigate the crucial role of trials in task-based neuroimaging from the perspectives of statistical efficiency and condition-level generalizability. Big data initiatives have gained popularity for leveraging a large sample of subjects to study a wide range of effect magnitudes in the brai...