People with more extreme attitudes towards science have self-confidence in their understanding of science, even if this is not justified

People differ greatly in their attitudes towards well-evidenced science. What characterises this variation? Here, we consider this issue in the context of genetics and allied sciences. While most prior research has focused on the relationship between attitude to science and what people know about it...

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Published inPLoS biology Vol. 21; no. 1; p. e3001915
Main Authors Fonseca, Cristina, Pettitt, Jonathan, Woollard, Alison, Rutherford, Adam, Bickmore, Wendy, Ferguson-Smith, Anne, Hurst, Laurence D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 24.01.2023
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Abstract People differ greatly in their attitudes towards well-evidenced science. What characterises this variation? Here, we consider this issue in the context of genetics and allied sciences. While most prior research has focused on the relationship between attitude to science and what people know about it, recent evidence suggests that individuals with strongly negative attitudes towards specific genetic technologies (genetic modification (GM) technology and vaccines) commonly do not objectively understand the science, but, importantly, believe that they do. Here, using data from a probability survey of United Kingdom adults, we extend this prior work in 2 regards. First, we ask whether people with more extreme attitudes, be they positive or negative, are more likely to believe that they understand the science. Second, as negativity to genetics is commonly framed around issues particular to specific technologies, we ask whether attitudinal trends are contingent on specification of technology. We find (1) that individuals with strongly positive or negative attitudes towards genetics more strongly believe that they well understand the science; but (2) only for those most positive to the science is this self-confidence warranted; and (3) these effects are not contingent on specification of any particular technologies. These results suggest a potentially general model to explain why people differ in their degree of acceptance or rejection of science, this being that the more someone believes they understand the science, the more confident they will be in their acceptance or rejection of it. While there are more technology nonspecific opponents who also oppose GM technology than expected by chance, most GM opponents fit a different demographic. For the most part, opposition to GM appears not to reflect a smokescreen concealing a broader underlying negativity.
AbstractList People differ greatly in their attitudes towards well-evidenced science. What characterises this variation? Here, we consider this issue in the context of genetics and allied sciences. While most prior research has focused on the relationship between attitude to science and what people know about it, recent evidence suggests that individuals with strongly negative attitudes towards specific genetic technologies (genetic modification (GM) technology and vaccines) commonly do not objectively understand the science, but, importantly, believe that they do. Here, using data from a probability survey of United Kingdom adults, we extend this prior work in 2 regards. First, we ask whether people with more extreme attitudes, be they positive or negative, are more likely to believe that they understand the science. Second, as negativity to genetics is commonly framed around issues particular to specific technologies, we ask whether attitudinal trends are contingent on specification of technology. We find (1) that individuals with strongly positive or negative attitudes towards genetics more strongly believe that they well understand the science; but (2) only for those most positive to the science is this self-confidence warranted; and (3) these effects are not contingent on specification of any particular technologies. These results suggest a potentially general model to explain why people differ in their degree of acceptance or rejection of science, this being that the more someone believes they understand the science, the more confident they will be in their acceptance or rejection of it. While there are more technology nonspecific opponents who also oppose GM technology than expected by chance, most GM opponents fit a different demographic. For the most part, opposition to GM appears not to reflect a smokescreen concealing a broader underlying negativity.
People differ greatly in their attitudes towards well-evidenced science. What characterises this variation? Here, we consider this issue in the context of genetics and allied sciences. While most prior research has focused on the relationship between attitude to science and what people know about it, recent evidence suggests that individuals with strongly negative attitudes towards specific genetic technologies (genetic modification (GM) technology and vaccines) commonly do not objectively understand the science, but, importantly, believe that they do. Here, using data from a probability survey of United Kingdom adults, we extend this prior work in 2 regards. First, we ask whether people with more extreme attitudes, be they positive or negative, are more likely to believe that they understand the science. Second, as negativity to genetics is commonly framed around issues particular to specific technologies, we ask whether attitudinal trends are contingent on specification of technology. We find (1) that individuals with strongly positive or negative attitudes towards genetics more strongly believe that they well understand the science; but (2) only for those most positive to the science is this self-confidence warranted; and (3) these effects are not contingent on specification of any particular technologies. These results suggest a potentially general model to explain why people differ in their degree of acceptance or rejection of science, this being that the more someone believes they understand the science, the more confident they will be in their acceptance or rejection of it. While there are more technology nonspecific opponents who also oppose GM technology than expected by chance, most GM opponents fit a different demographic. For the most part, opposition to GM appears not to reflect a smokescreen concealing a broader underlying negativity. Why do people have different attitudes to science? This study uses data from a probability survey of UK adults to reveal that more extreme attitudes are associated with high self-confidence, even if this is not justified.
Audience Academic
Author Pettitt, Jonathan
Rutherford, Adam
Ferguson-Smith, Anne
Fonseca, Cristina
Hurst, Laurence D
Woollard, Alison
Bickmore, Wendy
AuthorAffiliation 1 The Genetics Society, London, United Kingdom
4 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
5 MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
6 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
3 Biochemistry Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
7 The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department and Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
8 Wissenshaftskolleg zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
2 School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, UNITED STATES
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Snippet People differ greatly in their attitudes towards well-evidenced science. What characterises this variation? Here, we consider this issue in the context of...
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StartPage e3001915
SubjectTerms Adult
Analysis
Attitude
Attitude (Psychology)
Attitudes
Biology and Life Sciences
Educational attainment
Engineering and Technology
Ethical aspects
Genetic engineering
Genetic modification
Genetics
Humans
Knowledge
Medicine and Health Sciences
Rejection
Science
Sciences education
Social Sciences
Specifications
Surveys and Questionnaires
Technology
Trends
United Kingdom
Vaccines
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Title People with more extreme attitudes towards science have self-confidence in their understanding of science, even if this is not justified
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36693040
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https://search.proquest.com/docview/2769373045
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10045565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001915
Volume 21
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