The early impact of COVID-19 on the incidence, prevalence, and severity of alcohol use and other drugs: A systematic review

The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity o...

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Published inDrug and alcohol dependence Vol. 228; p. 109065
Main Authors Schmidt, Rose A., Genois, Rosalie, Jin, Jonathan, Vigo, Daniel, Rehm, Jürgen, Rush, Brian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.11.2021
Elsevier Science Ltd
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Abstract The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing. We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use. This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective. •Segments of the population increased frequency and amount of substance use early in the pandemic.•People who already drank in risky ways before the pandemic were more likely to increase their substance use.•Caregiving, psychosocial distress, anxiety and depression, and poor mental health were associated with greater use.
AbstractList The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems.BACKGROUNDThe aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems.A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing.METHODA systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing.We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use.RESULTSWe identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use.This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective.CONCLUSIONThis review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective.
The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing. We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use. This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective. •Segments of the population increased frequency and amount of substance use early in the pandemic.•People who already drank in risky ways before the pandemic were more likely to increase their substance use.•Caregiving, psychosocial distress, anxiety and depression, and poor mental health were associated with greater use.
The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing. We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use. This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective.
Background The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. Method A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing. Results We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use. Conclusion This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective.
ArticleNumber 109065
Author Schmidt, Rose A.
Rush, Brian
Vigo, Daniel
Rehm, Jürgen
Genois, Rosalie
Jin, Jonathan
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  surname: Genois
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  organization: Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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  surname: Jin
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  organization: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada
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  fullname: Rehm, Jürgen
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  email: Brian.Rush@camh.ca
  organization: Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada
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Keywords COVID-19
Health services needs and demand
Systematic review
Pandemics
Prevalence
Substance-related disorders
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Snippet The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support...
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SubjectTerms Alcohol use
Alcohols
Caregiver burden
Changes
Communicable Disease Control
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Disease control
Drug use
Evidence-based medicine
Health services needs and demand
Humans
Incidence
Literature reviews
Medical treatment
Mental disorders
Pandemics
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Prevalence
Public health
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Substance abuse
Substance use
Substance-related disorders
Support systems
Systematic review
Title The early impact of COVID-19 on the incidence, prevalence, and severity of alcohol use and other drugs: A systematic review
URI https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S0376871621005603
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109065
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34600257
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2614642648
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2578766474
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8455354
Volume 228
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