Lifting the Curtain on the Conditions of Sexual Initiation Among Youth in Ethiopia
Abstract Purpose Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual in...
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Published in | Journal of adolescent health Vol. 50; no. 6; pp. 614 - 620 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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New York, NY
Elsevier Inc
01.06.2012
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Abstract | Abstract Purpose Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual initiation among youth in southwestern Ethiopia. Methods The conditions surrounding sexual initiation are examined using data from a pilot survey and a final survey of youth aged 13–24 years. Half of the respondents in each survey were randomly assigned to a nonverbal response-card method for sensitive questions on sexual attitudes and behavior, and the other half of the respondents were assigned to a control group that provided verbal responses. Responses for the two groups to questions regarding the conditions of sexual initiation are compared. Results Respondents who used the nonverbal response card were more likely to report pressure from friends or a partner, having sex for money or another gain, and rape as conditions of sexual initiation than those who provided verbal responses. Among sexually experienced youth, 29.3% of respondents who used the card method reported some form of coercion during sexual initiation compared with 19.4% of respondents who gave verbal responses. Conclusions The nonverbal response card provides an effective method for reducing social desirability bias when soliciting responses to sensitive questions in the context of an interviewer-administered survey. The analysis also suggests that coerced sexual initiation is underreported by youth in interviewer-administered surveys that use conventional verbal responses. |
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AbstractList | Abstract Purpose Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual initiation among youth in southwestern Ethiopia. Methods The conditions surrounding sexual initiation are examined using data from a pilot survey and a final survey of youth aged 13–24 years. Half of the respondents in each survey were randomly assigned to a nonverbal response-card method for sensitive questions on sexual attitudes and behavior, and the other half of the respondents were assigned to a control group that provided verbal responses. Responses for the two groups to questions regarding the conditions of sexual initiation are compared. Results Respondents who used the nonverbal response card were more likely to report pressure from friends or a partner, having sex for money or another gain, and rape as conditions of sexual initiation than those who provided verbal responses. Among sexually experienced youth, 29.3% of respondents who used the card method reported some form of coercion during sexual initiation compared with 19.4% of respondents who gave verbal responses. Conclusions The nonverbal response card provides an effective method for reducing social desirability bias when soliciting responses to sensitive questions in the context of an interviewer-administered survey. The analysis also suggests that coerced sexual initiation is underreported by youth in interviewer-administered surveys that use conventional verbal responses. PURPOSEDeriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual initiation among youth in southwestern Ethiopia. METHODSThe conditions surrounding sexual initiation are examined using data from a pilot survey and a final survey of youth aged 13-24 years. Half of the respondents in each survey were randomly assigned to a nonverbal response-card method for sensitive questions on sexual attitudes and behavior, and the other half of the respondents were assigned to a control group that provided verbal responses. Responses for the two groups to questions regarding the conditions of sexual initiation are compared. RESULTSRespondents who used the nonverbal response card were more likely to report pressure from friends or a partner, having sex for money or another gain, and rape as conditions of sexual initiation than those who provided verbal responses. Among sexually experienced youth, 29.3% of respondents who used the card method reported some form of coercion during sexual initiation compared with 19.4% of respondents who gave verbal responses. CONCLUSIONSThe nonverbal response card provides an effective method for reducing social desirability bias when soliciting responses to sensitive questions in the context of an interviewer-administered survey. The analysis also suggests that coerced sexual initiation is underreported by youth in interviewer-administered surveys that use conventional verbal responses. Purpose: Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual initiation among youth in southwestern Ethiopia. Methods: The conditions surrounding sexual initiation are examined using data from a pilot survey and a final survey of youth aged 13-24 years. Half of the respondents in each survey were randomly assigned to a nonverbal response-card method for sensitive questions on sexual attitudes and behavior, and the other half of the respondents were assigned to a control group that provided verbal responses. Responses for the two groups to questions regarding the conditions of sexual initiation are compared. Results: Respondents who used the nonverbal response card were more likely to report pressure from friends or a partner, having sex for money or another gain, and rape as conditions of sexual initiation than those who provided verbal responses. Among sexually experienced youth, 29.3% of respondents who used the card method reported some form of coercion during sexual initiation compared with 19.4% of respondents who gave verbal responses. Conclusions: The nonverbal response card provides an effective method for reducing social desirability bias when soliciting responses to sensitive questions in the context of an interviewer-administered survey. The analysis also suggests that coerced sexual initiation is underreported by youth in interviewer-administered surveys that use conventional verbal responses. [Copyright The Society for Adolescent Medicine; published by Elsevier Inc.] Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the effectiveness of a nonverbal response-card method to reduce social desirability bias in reports of the conditions of sexual initiation among youth in southwestern Ethiopia. The conditions surrounding sexual initiation are examined using data from a pilot survey and a final survey of youth aged 13-24 years. Half of the respondents in each survey were randomly assigned to a nonverbal response-card method for sensitive questions on sexual attitudes and behavior, and the other half of the respondents were assigned to a control group that provided verbal responses. Responses for the two groups to questions regarding the conditions of sexual initiation are compared. Respondents who used the nonverbal response card were more likely to report pressure from friends or a partner, having sex for money or another gain, and rape as conditions of sexual initiation than those who provided verbal responses. Among sexually experienced youth, 29.3% of respondents who used the card method reported some form of coercion during sexual initiation compared with 19.4% of respondents who gave verbal responses. The nonverbal response card provides an effective method for reducing social desirability bias when soliciting responses to sensitive questions in the context of an interviewer-administered survey. The analysis also suggests that coerced sexual initiation is underreported by youth in interviewer-administered surveys that use conventional verbal responses. |
Author | Lindstrom, David P., Ph.D Belachew, Tefera, M.D., M.Sc Hattori, Megan Klein, Ph.D Tessema, Fasil, M.Sc |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 2 Population and Family Health Department, Collage of Public Health & Medical Sciences Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia |
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Keywords | Sexual coercion Nonverbal response card Social desirability bias Initiation of sexual intercourse Human Methodology Sexual behavior Sex Victimology Medical screening Adolescent Sexuality Sexual abuse Initiation |
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Snippet | Abstract Purpose Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This... Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines the... PURPOSEDeriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study examines... Purpose: Deriving accurate estimates of the level of sexual coercion is challenging because of the stigma that is attached to the experience. This study... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Bias Biological and medical sciences Coercion Cross-Cultural Comparison Data Collection Developing Countries Ethiopia Female Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Initiation Initiation of sexual intercourse Male Medical sciences Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal response card Pediatrics Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Rape - psychology Self Disclosure Sexual Behavior Sexual coercion Social Desirability Social desirability bias Social Stigma Verbal Behavior Victimology Young Adult Young people |
Title | Lifting the Curtain on the Conditions of Sexual Initiation Among Youth in Ethiopia |
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