Pathophysiology and probable etiology of cerebral small vessel disease in vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

• Published in: Molecular neurodegeneration Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 46 - 22
• Main Authors: Inoue, Yasuteru, Shue, Francis, Bu, Guojun, Kanekiyo, Takahisa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 11.07.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Age; Alzheimer Disease; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Arterioles; Arteriolosclerosis; Atrophy; Binswanger's disease; Blood vessels; Blood-brain barrier; Blood–brain barriers (BBB); Brain injury; Capillaries; Carotid arteries; Causality; Cells; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD); Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases - complications; Cognitive ability; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Dementia, Vascular; Development and progression; Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia; Executive function; Fibroblasts; Glymphatic drainage; Heparan sulfate; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoxia; Intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD); Ischemia; Kinases; Medical imaging; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Pathology; Pathophysiology; Proteins; Review; Risk Factors; Smooth muscle; Stroke; Stroke (Disease); Substantia alba; Therapeutic targets; Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); Vascular dementia; Vascular diseases; Veins & arteries; Watersheds; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA); Intramural periarterial drainage (IPAD); Blood–brain barriers (BBB); Glymphatic drainage; Arteriolosclerosis; Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID); Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD); Vascular inflammation; Hypoperfusion/Hypoxia

Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is commonly caused by vascular injuries in cerebral large and small vessels and is a key driver of age-related cognitive decline. Severe VCID includes post-stroke dementia, subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and mixed dem...