The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy

Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through Decem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 25 - 9
Main Authors Sawicki, Gregory S., Beck, Owen N., Kang, Inseung, Young, Aaron J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 19.02.2020
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Actuators
Ambulation aids
Ankle
Assistive devices
Biomechanical Phenomena
Control equipment
Cost analysis
Design and construction
Economics
Energetic
Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton Device - trends
Exoskeletons
Human performance
Humans
Legs
Lower Extremity - physiology
Male
Marathons
Medical research
Metabolic cost
Metabolism
Mobility
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Researchers
Review
Robotics
Robotics - instrumentation
Robotics industry
Run
Running
Running - physiology
Technological innovations
Technology
Walk
Walking
Walking - physiology
Wearable robotics
Weeds
United States
Augmentation
Walk
Economy
Energetic
Wearable robotics
Run
Assistive devices
Metabolic cost
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility.
AbstractList Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility.
Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this 'metabolic cost barrier'. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility.Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this 'metabolic cost barrier'. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility.
Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this 'metabolic cost barrier'. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility. Keywords: Wearable robotics, Assistive devices, Metabolic cost, Walk, Run, Energetic, Economy, Augmentation
Abstract Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking and running versus without a device. In 2013, researchers finally broke this ‘metabolic cost barrier’. We analyzed the literature through December 2019, and identified 23 studies that demonstrate exoskeleton designs that improved human walking and running economy beyond capable without a device. Here, we reviewed these studies and highlighted key innovations and techniques that enabled these devices to surpass the metabolic cost barrier and steadily improve user walking and running economy from 2013 to nearly 2020. These studies include, physiologically-informed targeting of lower-limb joints; use of off-board actuators to rapidly prototype exoskeleton controllers; mechatronic designs of both active and passive systems; and a renewed focus on human-exoskeleton interface design. Lastly, we highlight emerging trends that we anticipate will further augment wearable-device performance and pose the next grand challenges facing exoskeleton technology for augmenting human mobility.
ArticleNumber 25
Audience Academic
Author Beck, Owen N.
Kang, Inseung
Young, Aaron J.
Sawicki, Gregory S.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Gregory S.
  surname: Sawicki
  fullname: Sawicki, Gregory S.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Owen N.
  surname: Beck
  fullname: Beck, Owen N.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Inseung
  surname: Kang
  fullname: Kang, Inseung
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Aaron J.
  surname: Young
  fullname: Young, Aaron J.
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075669$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Augmentation
Walk
Economy
Energetic
Wearable robotics
Run
Assistive devices
Metabolic cost
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Snippet Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of walking...
Abstract Since the early 2000s, researchers have been trying to develop lower-limb exoskeletons that augment human mobility by reducing the metabolic cost of...
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StartPage 25
SubjectTerms Actuators
Ambulation aids
Ankle
Assistive devices
Biomechanical Phenomena
Control equipment
Cost analysis
Design and construction
Economics
Energetic
Exoskeleton
Exoskeleton Device - trends
Exoskeletons
Human performance
Humans
Legs
Lower Extremity - physiology
Male
Marathons
Medical research
Metabolic cost
Metabolism
Mobility
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Researchers
Review
Robotics
Robotics - instrumentation
Robotics industry
Run
Running
Running - physiology
Technological innovations
Technology
Walk
Walking
Walking - physiology
Wearable robotics
Weeds
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Title The exoskeleton expansion: improving walking and running economy
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32075669
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2357520812
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2359404517
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7029455
https://doaj.org/article/f6a28fed844b4edcbadd791fe69dcfee
Volume 17
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