Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019)
Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbap...
Saved in:
| Published in | Emerging microbes & infections Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 868 - 885 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Taylor & Francis
01.01.2020
Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.
In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria
(MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and
effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones,
aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins;
often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics
that can defeat these “superbugs”. All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old
drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two
polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available.
Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR
Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB.
Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its
resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including
intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.
In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in
understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used
by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what
is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance.Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these "superbugs". All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms. In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these “superbugs”. All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. ABSTRACTIncreasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital available and effective antibiotics, including; broad-spectrum penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams, such as; carbapenems, monobactam, and cephalosporins; often fail to fight MDR Gram-negative pathogens as well as the absence of new antibiotics that can defeat these “superbugs”. All of these has prompted the reconsideration of old drugs such as polymyxins that were reckoned too toxic for clinical use. Only two polymyxins, polymyxin E (colistin) and polymyxin B, are currently commercially available. Colistin has re-emerged as a last-hope treatment in the mid-1990s against MDR Gram-negative pathogens due to the development of extensively drug-resistant GNB. Unfortunately, rapid global resistance towards colistin has emerged following its resurgence. Different mechanisms of colistin resistance have been characterized, including intrinsic, mutational, and transferable mechanisms.In this review, we intend to discuss the progress over the last two decades in understanding the alternative colistin mechanisms of action and different strategies used by bacteria to develop resistance against colistin, besides providing an update about what is previously recognized and what is novel concerning colistin resistance. |
| Author | Zhong, Lan-Lan Tian, Guo-Bao Yang, Yongqiang Doi, Yohei El-Sayed Ahmed, Mohamed Abd El-Gawad Shen, Cong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mohamed Abd El-Gawad orcidid: 0000-0001-7428-8949 surname: El-Sayed Ahmed fullname: El-Sayed Ahmed, Mohamed Abd El-Gawad organization: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST) – sequence: 2 givenname: Lan-Lan surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Lan-Lan organization: Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education – sequence: 3 givenname: Cong orcidid: 0000-0003-2677-3960 surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Cong organization: Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education – sequence: 4 givenname: Yongqiang surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Yongqiang organization: Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education – sequence: 5 givenname: Yohei surname: Doi fullname: Doi, Yohei organization: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: Guo-Bao surname: Tian fullname: Tian, Guo-Bao email: tiangb@mail.sysu.edu.cn, guobaotian@gmail.com organization: Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32284036$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFUk1vFSEUJabG1tqfoJnETV1M5WsGsInRvFRt0sSNLlwRBu60vMyDCrzW_nsZ33um7ULZAOeee-4JnOdoL8QACL0k-IRgid_SuojoyAnFtEKi44SxJ-hgxtu5sHfvvI-Ocl7iugTuOeHP0D6jVHLM-gP0YxEnn4sPjQmu8SU3KU7Q1Hu5guYsmSaOtVT84GPxtkmQK90EC-8q3MCvAsGBq_iNh9vmmNYxLcVEvXmBno5mynC03Q_R909n3xZf2ouvn88XHy9a21NZWu6cdXawDnfKcjBYUINh6KgCQzrn6KioEH0vTT9Wx0pUbjdypqQZeq4IO0TnG10XzVJfJ78y6U5H4_UfIKZLbVK1PoGm1lIyWGF7IjizXHLgZJSDciCEcqxqvd9oXa-HFTgLoSQzPRB9WAn-Sl_GGy1ofdhuNnO8FUjx5xpy0SufLUyTCRDXWVMmVa86LHmlvn5EXcZ1CvWpNK0EQTvJZ9ar-47-Wtn9YCWcbgg2xZwTjNr6YoqPs0E_aYL1HBm9i4yeI6O3kand3aPu3YD_9X3Y9PkwxrQytzFNThdzN8U0phoPnzX7t8RvfxzUTg |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed7120414 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_151433 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S322686 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13070630 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2024_131833 crossref_primary_10_1155_jotm_6165665 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgar_2024_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_1120009X_2024_2405355 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_65836 crossref_primary_10_1111_jfs_13023 crossref_primary_10_1080_1040841X_2024_2369948 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11091263 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41429_023_00622_1 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02265_22 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13099_020_00382_5 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_75569 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9102104 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13020127 crossref_primary_10_1128_msphere_00234_23 crossref_primary_10_1055_a_1971_0976 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S318173 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13090719 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_06582_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10030233 crossref_primary_10_1002_adhm_202101032 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2022_06_113 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11061459 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00530_23 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_microc_2023_108690 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12030516 crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics12092223 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_17083_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_124937 crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes12100914 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e15417 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10030226 crossref_primary_10_1080_22221751_2022_2065934 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e15774 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcis_2025_02_107 crossref_primary_10_1111_jfd_13661 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_03119_22 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1060519 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jep_2023_117074 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11091171 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_106899 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11091167 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2022_127211 crossref_primary_10_1116_6_0001981 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01604_24 crossref_primary_10_4103_jmms_jmms_73_20 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2024_117487 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S325943 crossref_primary_10_1093_femsle_fnae007 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsestwater_3c00219 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tibs_2022_03_018 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_106888 crossref_primary_10_20914_2310_1202_2022_1_140_148 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2024_1450486 crossref_primary_10_4236_ijamsc_2021_91001 crossref_primary_10_1080_14740338_2021_1890024 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxrep_2022_05_020 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11051316 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_79030_w crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_024_34598_8 crossref_primary_10_1039_D4SM01157K crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11020272 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13205_023_03559_2 crossref_primary_10_3390_nano13030555 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2025_1498995 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11356_020_10326_w crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2023_127316 crossref_primary_10_1039_D0TB01241F crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phymed_2023_154803 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23094617 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13099_024_00667_z crossref_primary_10_1111_lam_13818 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1147846 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpha_2024_101072 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2023_115440 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11020136 crossref_primary_10_1089_sur_2024_216 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheh_2022_114003 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11091196 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmii_2023_07_002 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2021_152727 crossref_primary_10_15212_AMM_2022_1001 crossref_primary_10_1021_acscentsci_4c00776 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11010102 crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkae151 crossref_primary_10_1093_jambio_lxad288 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules28196954 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_022_03561_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12941_022_00520_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics16091115 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00775_022_01977_w crossref_primary_10_1002_masy_202100461 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_4c06751 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsanm_3c04486 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12030508 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens11080874 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0298096 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13030281 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12040782 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10096_025_05060_5 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vetmic_2022_109552 crossref_primary_10_3390_jpm14010106 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_plasmid_2022_102650 crossref_primary_10_1093_lambio_ovae082 crossref_primary_10_5005_jp_journals_10071_23861 crossref_primary_10_1093_femsre_fuac032 crossref_primary_10_7759_cureus_65617 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani14203038 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms22168677 crossref_primary_10_2903_j_efsa_2021_6861 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13090895 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_biochem_2c00560 crossref_primary_10_1038_s43705_023_00321_w crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13030287 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12081285 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12275_022_1640_z crossref_primary_10_1186_s12951_023_02149_x crossref_primary_10_1111_febs_17351 crossref_primary_10_1128_AAC_01191_20 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13756_024_01376_7 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S398930 crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare12171713 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules30040887 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12088_021_00932_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9020207 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40121_023_00909_8 crossref_primary_10_1089_mdr_2020_0553 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cej_2024_155753 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00418_22 crossref_primary_10_1208_s12249_023_02533_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9020442 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2024_127631 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_165203 crossref_primary_10_3390_sci6040076 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsps_2023_101893 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S400772 crossref_primary_10_1093_jambio_lxad131 crossref_primary_10_1007_s42452_024_06107_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2020_115706 crossref_primary_10_3390_jcm13216530 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13121049 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2024_125515 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_952706 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules29132969 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2024_127983 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_4c00207 crossref_primary_10_1248_bpbreports_7_5_157 crossref_primary_10_18231_j_ijmmtd_2023_051 crossref_primary_10_3390_cells13181594 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11030651 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12071111 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12929_023_00963_x crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000040606 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12010093 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_2c07165 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms12040772 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00203_021_02425_0 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_021_02388_8 crossref_primary_10_3390_membranes10080181 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2021_677720 crossref_primary_10_1002_ptr_8365 crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkae344 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1020652 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14061248 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00210_023_02531_4 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1347597 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics9080475 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_genrep_2022_101635 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1017488 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diagmicrobio_2024_116187 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhin_2024_10_017 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_024_03309_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2022_2101997 crossref_primary_10_4014_jmb_2407_07005 crossref_primary_10_1590_fst_82321 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics17010076 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0262199 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2024_127679 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00334_23 crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_00109_24 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01928_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12010164 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01459_23 crossref_primary_10_3390_idr15050055 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_drup_2024_101088 crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkae441 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1115740 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11121773 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envpol_2022_119783 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsomega_3c01406 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_04052_22 crossref_primary_10_1038_s44259_024_00022_x crossref_primary_10_2174_1386207323666200914100119 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1502528 crossref_primary_10_4491_eer_2022_325 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_bmc_2024_117604 crossref_primary_10_1128_mbio_00634_24 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12941_023_00632_9 crossref_primary_10_1080_14787210_2021_1843427 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11091232 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tcsw_2024_100120 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_33062_w crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1020500 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_024_13067_9 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgar_2021_07_021 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9112210 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jia_2023_06_013 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13070656 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02097_22 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1346340 crossref_primary_10_1017_ice_2020_1270 crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_00093_24 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00203_023_03710_w crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10050528 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_024_03572_2 crossref_primary_10_1080_22221751_2023_2294854 crossref_primary_10_1128_mmbr_00193_23 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11060774 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_107017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2022_112873 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2024_107427 crossref_primary_10_1002_ange_202213810 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10010057 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_916587 crossref_primary_10_3390_biom11020232 crossref_primary_10_4236_ojmm_2023_134022 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9061154 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijmmb_2022_06_009 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2022_1098856 crossref_primary_10_2217_fmb_2023_0070 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2021_e06800 crossref_primary_10_1093_jb_mvab102 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13090802 crossref_primary_10_33073_pjm_2022_011 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S361244 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24010883 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_seh_2024_100058 crossref_primary_10_3390_genes14071426 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00203_024_04133_x crossref_primary_10_3390_vetsci9110650 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms9030655 crossref_primary_10_1080_1120009X_2023_2196916 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2024_e41540 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2025_107317 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10010042 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e20561 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10096_024_04884_x crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0292818 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_1064095 crossref_primary_10_1039_D3MD00483J crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_107031 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13104_023_06455_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12091461 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ajt_2024_03_020 crossref_primary_10_1007_s15010_020_01520_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_024_60627_0 crossref_primary_10_17311_sciintl_2023_09_17 crossref_primary_10_1099_acmi_0_000309 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_03469_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms26020607 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2024_107357 crossref_primary_10_1097_TP_0000000000004187 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1122532 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_107066 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_3c00630 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_626715 crossref_primary_10_2478_ahem_2024_0002 crossref_primary_10_1128_jb_00196_23 crossref_primary_10_1128_mSphere_00734_21 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2024_1387497 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2024_107341 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01346_22 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actbio_2021_10_014 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics15010251 crossref_primary_10_1089_fpd_2020_2908 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2023_1153387 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens12111323 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micpath_2025_107335 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_024_03581_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms12071259 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms241310529 crossref_primary_10_17221_80_2022_VETMED crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_001565 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13050426 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jpba_2024_116488 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24032106 crossref_primary_10_2217_fmb_2023_0272 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmed_2022_931379 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cimid_2024_102149 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2024_1396663 crossref_primary_10_1093_jac_dkab332 crossref_primary_10_1039_D2NJ02469A crossref_primary_10_1002_med_21869 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10822_023_00519_z crossref_primary_10_1038_s41522_024_00637_y crossref_primary_10_3390_diagnostics12061487 crossref_primary_10_1093_jacamr_dlae024 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2021_673503 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgar_2024_04_002 crossref_primary_10_1080_1040841X_2024_2429599 crossref_primary_10_1002_pep2_24246 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00294_021_01212_0 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2021_106426 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_021_90208_4 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_adg4205 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jmedchem_3c00171 crossref_primary_10_4103_bbrj_bbrj_212_24 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijpharm_2022_122257 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_142717 crossref_primary_10_3390_polysaccharides6010021 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2023_128402 crossref_primary_10_52547_JoMMID_9_4_203 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejphar_2025_177480 crossref_primary_10_21897_rmvz_3219 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02523_23 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_023_02906_w crossref_primary_10_1089_dna_2021_0080 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01127_22 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsinfecdis_3c00315 crossref_primary_10_1186_s44149_021_00009_5 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics13100984 crossref_primary_10_26779_2522_1396_2022_3_4_93 crossref_primary_10_1093_jacamr_dlae124 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00894_23 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sjbs_2021_05_057 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12088_024_01392_6 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12020273 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms24010804 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_colcom_2025_100824 crossref_primary_10_1128_msystems_00943_23 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics14030275 crossref_primary_10_51585_gjvr_2021_3_0018 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11111668 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_03666_22 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41429_022_00502_0 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10111516 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12020200 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2023_114419 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11101440 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2021_106350 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_05093_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11081073 crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_001881 crossref_primary_10_2147_IJN_S473241 crossref_primary_10_1128_cmr_00044_24 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_estlett_3c00080 crossref_primary_10_1111_ina_12991 crossref_primary_10_3390_ani10122239 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2024_107285 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_178247 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms11092211 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2022_821936 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13054_024_05031_w crossref_primary_10_1089_fpd_2023_0158 crossref_primary_10_3390_microorganisms10081499 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens13110921 crossref_primary_10_1038_s42003_024_06805_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_10314_9 crossref_primary_10_1155_ijm_8079270 crossref_primary_10_1248_bpb_b23_00642 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00184_22 crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0294287 crossref_primary_10_5812_numonthly_127122 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2024_171723 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11030377 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10096_020_04053_w crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12111597 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_99130_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_marpolbul_2021_112334 crossref_primary_10_1016_S2666_5247_23_00189_1 crossref_primary_10_1099_mgen_0_000519 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics14020295 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_micres_2025_128104 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2023_115856 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_phrs_2020_105328 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lwt_2025_117323 crossref_primary_10_1097_ID9_0000000000000157 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S469313 crossref_primary_10_1099_mic_0_001363 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgar_2024_06_013 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1196774 crossref_primary_10_3390_pharmaceutics13122180 crossref_primary_10_1021_acsabm_3c00051 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_700698 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10735_025_10389_4 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_01445_21 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics11111476 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csbj_2023_08_004 crossref_primary_10_1089_mdr_2024_0006 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11274_022_03343_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jgar_2023_07_012 crossref_primary_10_1186_s13756_024_01423_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12020350 crossref_primary_10_1080_07391102_2024_2445158 crossref_primary_10_3389_fcimb_2021_701625 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ejmech_2025_117477 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jare_2025_03_043 crossref_primary_10_4236_pp_2022_1312039 crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_001840 crossref_primary_10_1128_msphere_00731_24 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_790220 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2023_106713 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_162649 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics9090620 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_02515_21 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jhin_2024_07_016 crossref_primary_10_4103_1995_7645_351764 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_03592_22 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10030258 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_psj_2024_104492 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_547020 crossref_primary_10_1002_fft2_458 crossref_primary_10_1128_spectrum_00896_24 crossref_primary_10_1002_anie_202213810 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_envres_2024_119516 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12030437 crossref_primary_10_2147_IDR_S435697 crossref_primary_10_2174_0113816128303422240723091231 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics10101263 crossref_primary_10_1111_tbed_13980 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_651124 crossref_primary_10_3389_fvets_2022_816279 crossref_primary_10_3390_molecules26020447 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_022_11940_z crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2020_104643 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tim_2023_10_006 crossref_primary_10_1099_jmm_0_001628 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_analchem_1c05394 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijantimicag_2021_106371 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10121615 crossref_primary_10_1155_2021_6630379 crossref_primary_10_54393_pjhs_v6i1_2286 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00284_025_04097_1 crossref_primary_10_1128_msphere_00182_24 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chembiol_2023_10_026 crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens9070522 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00253_023_12947_w crossref_primary_10_1556_030_2022_01746 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2021_690947 crossref_primary_10_3389_fmicb_2023_1269408 crossref_primary_10_3390_antibiotics12061057 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crmicr_2025_100363 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2024_1424765 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_snr_2022_100119 crossref_primary_10_3389_fimmu_2023_1194923 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00284_021_02662_y |
| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.10.001 10.1086/315669 10.1186/s13104-018-3255-3 10.1128/CMR.00064-16 10.1128/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.018 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.31.30589 10.1007/s40262-017-0561-1 10.1016/j.tim.2018.02.006 10.2217/fmb.13.39 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00007-4 10.1128/JB.00639-15 10.1101/cshperspect.a025288 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02723.x 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.011 10.1128/IAI.00492-13 10.1099/mic.0.28611-0 10.1592/phco.30.12.1279 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005957 10.1093/jac/dkt531 10.1038/srep28291 10.1128/mBio.01083-19 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00201 10.1128/AAC.03110-14 10.1128/JCM.01454-18 10.2147/IDR.S49039 10.1086/499819 10.1186/s40560-015-0072-9 10.1101/gr.154328.112 10.1128/AAC.01480-13 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 10.2147/IDR.S194635 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.005 10.3390/antibiotics6040028 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.018 10.2147/IDR.S199844 10.1007/s10096-018-3223-9 10.1128/AAC.01252-10 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07150.x 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.027 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.27.30280 10.1128/AAC.05391-11 10.1371/journal.pone.0180347 10.1093/jac/dkx286 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.004 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7 10.1086/429323 10.1038/ja.2013.111 10.3390/antibiotics8020038 10.1080/14787210.2018.1453807 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00367 10.5507/bp.2018.070 10.1128/CVI.00472-08 10.1128/AAC.01365-16 10.1128/AAC.02450-18 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000172 10.1128/AAC.00009-16 10.1038/srep26233 10.1007/s11908-017-0596-3 10.1186/s40168-017-0288-0 10.3390/molecules24020249 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00643 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.03.001 10.1128/AAC.01757-17 10.1185/03007995.2015.1018989 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000788 10.1128/AAC.00133-19 10.1093/jb/mvp096 10.1016/j.drup.2010.05.002 10.1128/AAC.00834-10 10.1128/AAC.02229-16 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035600 10.1038/s41426-018-0124-z 10.1128/JB.00834-13 10.1128/AAC.01204-16 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01217 10.1128/AAC.02632-16 10.3390/molecules24030387 10.1128/IAI.00704-12 10.1128/mBio.00543-17 10.1038/s41467-018-02875-z 10.1128/IAI.00068-17 10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.001 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01789 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.31.30587 10.3390/microorganisms7020055 10.1038/srep41284 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029 10.1128/mBio.00853-19 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02094 10.1007/s12275-017-6408-5 10.1093/jac/dkx327 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.012 10.1128/mBio.02317-17 10.1038/s41467-017-02149-0 10.1093/jac/dky111 10.1128/AAC.01075-16 10.1128/AAC.00284-09 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020 The Author(s) |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020 – notice: 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. – notice: 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd 2020 The Author(s) |
| DBID | 0YH AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH K9. M0S M1P PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM DOA |
| DOI | 10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133 |
| DatabaseName | Taylor & Francis Open Access CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) Health & Medical Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Hospital Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One ProQuest Central Korea Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) Medical Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China MEDLINE - Academic PubMed Central (Full Participant titles) DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic Publicly Available Content Database MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 3 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 4 dbid: 0YH name: Taylor & Francis Open Access url: https://www.tandfonline.com sourceTypes: Publisher – sequence: 5 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Public Health |
| DocumentTitleAlternate | Emerging Microbes & Infections |
| EISSN | 2222-1751 |
| EndPage | 885 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_2cc21bc7c61743c484e41f8b9de779d3 PMC7241451 32284036 10_1080_22221751_2020_1754133 1754133 |
| Genre | Review Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: ; grantid: 2017ZX10302301 – fundername: ; ; grantid: 81722030; 81830103; 81902123 – fundername: ; grantid: 2018kfkt01/02 – fundername: ; ; – fundername: ; ; grantid: 2017A030306012; B12003 |
| GroupedDBID | 0YH 3V. 53G 5VS 7X7 88E 8FI 8FJ AAHBH ABUWG ACGFS ADBBV ADRAZ AENEX AFKRA AJTQC ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AOIJS BAWUL BENPR BPHCQ BVXVI C6C CCPQU DIK EBS ECGQY EMOBN FYUFA GROUPED_DOAJ HMCUK HYE KQ8 M1P M48 M4Z M~E NAO OK1 PIMPY PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO RNT RNTTT RPM TDBHL UKHRP AAYXX BCNDV CITATION EJD PHGZM PHGZT CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM PJZUB PPXIY 7XB 8FK AZQEC DWQXO K9. PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS 7X8 5PM PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c628t-4ddcdcbcd059c4ea072a0eb529ea15dd2f9277668a6f03697cbc5f4398ab64913 |
| IEDL.DBID | M48 |
| ISSN | 2222-1751 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:31:29 EDT 2025 Thu Aug 21 18:03:45 EDT 2025 Thu Jul 10 23:52:22 EDT 2025 Fri Jul 25 20:52:47 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 05:56:34 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:05:04 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 05:11:28 EDT 2025 Wed Dec 25 09:05:03 EST 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | multidrug resistance two-component systems Colistin heteroresistance MCR-1 |
| Language | English |
| License | open-access: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c628t-4ddcdcbcd059c4ea072a0eb529ea15dd2f9277668a6f03697cbc5f4398ab64913 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7428-8949 0000-0003-2677-3960 |
| OpenAccessLink | http://journals.scholarsportal.info/openUrl.xqy?doi=10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133 |
| PMID | 32284036 |
| PQID | 2508725844 |
| PQPubID | 2041957 |
| PageCount | 18 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2389695084 pubmed_primary_32284036 doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_2cc21bc7c61743c484e41f8b9de779d3 proquest_journals_2508725844 pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_7241451 crossref_citationtrail_10_1080_22221751_2020_1754133 informaworld_taylorfrancis_310_1080_22221751_2020_1754133 crossref_primary_10_1080_22221751_2020_1754133 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2020-01-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2020 text: 2020-01-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: London |
| PublicationTitle | Emerging microbes & infections |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Emerg Microbes Infect |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis Group |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Taylor & Francis – name: Taylor & Francis Ltd – name: Taylor & Francis Group |
| References | e_1_3_2_28_1 e_1_3_2_20_1 e_1_3_2_66_1 e_1_3_2_43_1 e_1_3_2_85_1 e_1_3_2_24_1 e_1_3_2_47_1 e_1_3_2_89_1 e_1_3_2_100_1 e_1_3_2_62_1 e_1_3_2_81_1 e_1_3_2_16_1 e_1_3_2_39_1 e_1_3_2_7_1 e_1_3_2_31_1 e_1_3_2_54_1 e_1_3_2_77_1 e_1_3_2_12_1 e_1_3_2_35_1 e_1_3_2_58_1 e_1_3_2_96_1 e_1_3_2_3_1 e_1_3_2_92_1 e_1_3_2_50_1 e_1_3_2_73_1 e_1_3_2_29_1 e_1_3_2_21_1 e_1_3_2_44_1 e_1_3_2_63_1 e_1_3_2_86_1 e_1_3_2_48_1 e_1_3_2_67_1 e_1_3_2_40_1 e_1_3_2_82_1 e_1_3_2_17_1 Yu Z (e_1_3_2_25_1) 2015; 2015 e_1_3_2_2_1 e_1_3_2_55_1 e_1_3_2_32_1 e_1_3_2_74_1 e_1_3_2_6_1 e_1_3_2_59_1 e_1_3_2_97_1 e_1_3_2_36_1 e_1_3_2_78_1 e_1_3_2_93_1 e_1_3_2_51_1 e_1_3_2_70_1 e_1_3_2_49_1 e_1_3_2_41_1 e_1_3_2_87_1 e_1_3_2_22_1 e_1_3_2_64_1 e_1_3_2_45_1 e_1_3_2_26_1 e_1_3_2_68_1 e_1_3_2_83_1 e_1_3_2_60_1 e_1_3_2_9_1 e_1_3_2_18_1 e_1_3_2_10_1 e_1_3_2_33_1 e_1_3_2_52_1 e_1_3_2_75_1 e_1_3_2_5_1 e_1_3_2_14_1 e_1_3_2_37_1 e_1_3_2_56_1 e_1_3_2_79_1 e_1_3_2_98_1 e_1_3_2_94_1 e_1_3_2_71_1 e_1_3_2_90_1 e_1_3_2_27_1 e_1_3_2_42_1 e_1_3_2_65_1 e_1_3_2_88_1 e_1_3_2_23_1 e_1_3_2_46_1 e_1_3_2_69_1 e_1_3_2_80_1 e_1_3_2_101_1 e_1_3_2_61_1 e_1_3_2_84_1 e_1_3_2_38_1 e_1_3_2_8_1 Koyama Y. (e_1_3_2_13_1) 1950; 3 e_1_3_2_19_1 e_1_3_2_30_1 e_1_3_2_76_1 e_1_3_2_11_1 e_1_3_2_53_1 e_1_3_2_34_1 e_1_3_2_4_1 e_1_3_2_15_1 e_1_3_2_57_1 e_1_3_2_99_1 e_1_3_2_95_1 e_1_3_2_72_1 e_1_3_2_91_1 |
| References_xml | – ident: e_1_3_2_17_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.10.001 – ident: e_1_3_2_32_1 doi: 10.1086/315669 – ident: e_1_3_2_97_1 doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3255-3 – ident: e_1_3_2_24_1 doi: 10.1128/CMR.00064-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_60_1 doi: 10.1128/MMBR.67.4.593-656.2003 – ident: e_1_3_2_99_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.018 – ident: e_1_3_2_78_1 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.31.30589 – ident: e_1_3_2_21_1 doi: 10.1007/s40262-017-0561-1 – ident: e_1_3_2_3_1 doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.02.006 – ident: e_1_3_2_7_1 doi: 10.2217/fmb.13.39 – ident: e_1_3_2_70_1 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00007-4 – ident: e_1_3_2_49_1 doi: 10.1128/JB.00639-15 – ident: e_1_3_2_67_1 doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025288 – ident: e_1_3_2_20_1 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02723.x – ident: e_1_3_2_30_1 doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.11.011 – ident: e_1_3_2_58_1 doi: 10.1128/IAI.00492-13 – ident: e_1_3_2_42_1 doi: 10.1099/mic.0.28611-0 – ident: e_1_3_2_10_1 doi: 10.1592/phco.30.12.1279 – ident: e_1_3_2_74_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005957 – ident: e_1_3_2_57_1 doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt531 – ident: e_1_3_2_51_1 doi: 10.1038/srep28291 – ident: e_1_3_2_53_1 doi: 10.1128/mBio.01083-19 – ident: e_1_3_2_44_1 doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00201 – ident: e_1_3_2_38_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.03110-14 – ident: e_1_3_2_96_1 doi: 10.1128/JCM.01454-18 – ident: e_1_3_2_18_1 doi: 10.2147/IDR.S49039 – volume: 2015 year: 2015 ident: e_1_3_2_25_1 article-title: Antibacterial mechanisms of polymyxin and bacterial resistance publication-title: Biomed Res Int – ident: e_1_3_2_8_1 doi: 10.1086/499819 – ident: e_1_3_2_16_1 doi: 10.1186/s40560-015-0072-9 – ident: e_1_3_2_45_1 doi: 10.1101/gr.154328.112 – ident: e_1_3_2_63_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01480-13 – ident: e_1_3_2_22_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 – ident: e_1_3_2_81_1 doi: 10.2147/IDR.S194635 – ident: e_1_3_2_14_1 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2016.02.005 – ident: e_1_3_2_68_1 doi: 10.3390/antibiotics6040028 – ident: e_1_3_2_31_1 doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.018 – ident: e_1_3_2_62_1 doi: 10.2147/IDR.S199844 – ident: e_1_3_2_43_1 doi: 10.1007/s10096-018-3223-9 – ident: e_1_3_2_54_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01252-10 – ident: e_1_3_2_66_1 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07150.x – ident: e_1_3_2_93_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.07.027 – ident: e_1_3_2_80_1 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.27.30280 – ident: e_1_3_2_55_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.05391-11 – ident: e_1_3_2_87_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180347 – ident: e_1_3_2_76_1 doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx286 – ident: e_1_3_2_12_1 doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.07.004 – ident: e_1_3_2_36_1 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00424-7 – ident: e_1_3_2_2_1 doi: 10.1086/429323 – ident: e_1_3_2_28_1 doi: 10.1038/ja.2013.111 – ident: e_1_3_2_41_1 doi: 10.3390/antibiotics8020038 – ident: e_1_3_2_6_1 doi: 10.1080/14787210.2018.1453807 – ident: e_1_3_2_89_1 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00367 – ident: e_1_3_2_19_1 doi: 10.5507/bp.2018.070 – ident: e_1_3_2_100_1 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00472-08 – ident: e_1_3_2_73_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01365-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_90_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.02450-18 – ident: e_1_3_2_11_1 doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000172 – ident: e_1_3_2_40_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00009-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_47_1 doi: 10.1038/srep26233 – ident: e_1_3_2_5_1 doi: 10.1007/s11908-017-0596-3 – ident: e_1_3_2_71_1 doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0288-0 – ident: e_1_3_2_33_1 doi: 10.3390/molecules24020249 – ident: e_1_3_2_61_1 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00643 – ident: e_1_3_2_29_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.03.001 – volume: 3 start-page: 457 year: 1950 ident: e_1_3_2_13_1 article-title: A new antibiotic “colistin” produced by spore-forming soil bacteria publication-title: J Antibiot – ident: e_1_3_2_98_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01757-17 – ident: e_1_3_2_9_1 doi: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1018989 – ident: e_1_3_2_39_1 doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000788 – ident: e_1_3_2_92_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00133-19 – ident: e_1_3_2_27_1 doi: 10.1093/jb/mvp096 – ident: e_1_3_2_15_1 doi: 10.1016/j.drup.2010.05.002 – ident: e_1_3_2_48_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00834-10 – ident: e_1_3_2_56_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.02229-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_50_1 doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035600 – ident: e_1_3_2_79_1 doi: 10.1038/s41426-018-0124-z – ident: e_1_3_2_69_1 doi: 10.1128/JB.00834-13 – ident: e_1_3_2_85_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01204-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_91_1 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01217 – ident: e_1_3_2_88_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.02632-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_26_1 doi: 10.3390/molecules24030387 – ident: e_1_3_2_35_1 doi: 10.1128/IAI.00704-12 – ident: e_1_3_2_83_1 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00543-17 – ident: e_1_3_2_34_1 doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-02875-z – ident: e_1_3_2_64_1 doi: 10.1128/IAI.00068-17 – ident: e_1_3_2_59_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2018.05.001 – ident: e_1_3_2_23_1 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01789 – ident: e_1_3_2_95_1 doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.31.30587 – ident: e_1_3_2_37_1 doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7020055 – ident: e_1_3_2_65_1 doi: 10.1038/srep41284 – ident: e_1_3_2_4_1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.029 – ident: e_1_3_2_94_1 doi: 10.1128/mBio.00853-19 – ident: e_1_3_2_86_1 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02094 – ident: e_1_3_2_52_1 doi: 10.1007/s12275-017-6408-5 – ident: e_1_3_2_77_1 doi: 10.1093/jac/dkx327 – ident: e_1_3_2_72_1 doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.03.012 – ident: e_1_3_2_101_1 doi: 10.1128/mBio.02317-17 – ident: e_1_3_2_75_1 doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02149-0 – ident: e_1_3_2_82_1 doi: 10.1093/jac/dky111 – ident: e_1_3_2_84_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.01075-16 – ident: e_1_3_2_46_1 doi: 10.1128/AAC.00284-09 |
| SSID | ssj0000706414 |
| Score | 2.6363673 |
| SecondaryResourceType | review_article |
| Snippet | Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital... Increasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since the vital... ABSTRACTIncreasing antibiotic resistance in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) presents significant health problems worldwide, since... |
| SourceID | doaj pubmedcentral proquest pubmed crossref informaworld |
| SourceType | Open Website Open Access Repository Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 868 |
| SubjectTerms | Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use Antibiotics Colistin Colistin - pharmacology Colistin - therapeutic use Drug resistance Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial Gram-Negative Bacteria - drug effects Gram-Negative Bacteria - pathogenicity Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - drug therapy Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections - microbiology heteroresistance Humans MCR-1 multidrug resistance Multidrug resistant organisms Pathogens Review two-component systems |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) dbid: DOA link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1La9wwEBYhp0AofddNWlTooT24WcmyHr2lISEUmlMCgR6EnjQQ7JA49_6H_MP-ks5Y9rIbCnvpcSXZrDQjzTdjzTeEfPRsEbxqQh3b5GvhyzkoahON1wgg2oj5zj_O5OmF-H7ZXq6U-sI7YYUeuCzcAQ-BMx9UkIidg9AiCZa1NzEpZeLI8wk2b8WZGs9gBaaWiTllRy8OwA4C-m7RJeTQpFo4vZs1YzRy9j9iLP0X7nx8fXLFHp08JU8mIEkPywSeka3UPSe7JQpHS3LRC_LzqL_GTdxR10V6NdxRvE1I4TfgPnp862ifoQvzRnp4DwXfG_EkKMJXaKZzhJyWBBf6CTNu_vx-AHNuPr8kFyfH50en9VROoQ6S66EWMYYYfIiAqIJIbqG4WyTfcpMcA5HwbLhSUmonM9g1o2BsmwGwaOelMKx5Rba7vktvCGVZuey1zkxG8F-09y4xk6LjGFVVsSJiXlcbJq5xLHlxbdlESTqLw6I47CSOinxZPnZTyDY2PfANhbYcjFzZYwNokJ00yG7SoIqYVZHbYQyV5FLXxDYb_sD-rB922vx3FlClVhyQnajIh2U3bFv8FuO61N_DGACKEivwwpjXRZ2Ws4AzFtzuRlZErSna2jTXe7qrXyM1uAJAJlr29n-syx7ZwamWeNM-2R5u79M7QGCDfz9utr_lDyhY priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – databaseName: Health & Medical Collection (ProQuest) dbid: 7X7 link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwhV1Lb9QwELagXJAQ4s1CQUbiAIfQteP4wQVB1apCghOVVuJg-QmVqqTspnf-A_-QX8JM4oRuhegxtmPZmfHMNxPPDCEvPVsGr-pQxSb5SvhRDorKROM1AogmYrzzp8_y6Fh8XDWr4nDblGuVk0wcBHXsAvrI90BVa8VBXYp3Zz8qrBqFf1dLCY3r5AamLkOuVis1-1iAnaVgYgrc0cs90IaAwRs0DDk0qQZkeL2lkobM_Zfylv4LfV6-RHlBKx3eIbcLnKTvR_rfJddSe4_cGn1xdAwxuk--7neneJRb6tpIT_oNxTuFFJ4B_dGDtaNdhi6MHulgHgoWOKJKYIe30EwnPzkdw1zoK4y7-f3zFyh18_oBOT48-LJ_VJWiClWQXPeViDHE4EMEXBVEckvF3TL5hpvkGBCGZ8OVklI7mUG7GQVjmwywRTsvhWH1Q7LTdm16TCjLymWvdWYyghWjvXeJmRQdR9-qigsipu9qQ8k4joUvTi0riUknclgkhy3kWJA382tnY8qNq174gESbB2PG7KGhW3-z5QBaHgJnPqgg0QYLQoskWNbexKSUiTCJuUhy2w8OkzxWN7H1FQvYnfjDFhGwsX8ZdkFezN1wePGPjGtTdw5jAC5KrMMLYx6N7DTvAiQtGN-1XBC1xWhb29zuaU--DwnCFcAy0bAn_1_WU3ITNzH6k3bJTr8-T88AYfX--XCM_gDirB-2 priority: 102 providerName: ProQuest – databaseName: Taylor & Francis Open Access dbid: 0YH link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELagXJAQ4t0tBRmJAxwCseP4wQ2qViskOFGJniw_oVKVoN30_3cmTqJuBeqBY_yI1jsznm8m8yDkrWd18KoJVWyTr4Qv96CoTDReI4BoI-Y7f_su16fi6892jibcTmGVaEPnUihivKtRuJ3fzhFxH0GlAZBu0brjMKRauIibu-QeaOIamxjUZ-vFzQIcLQUTc-7Ov3bvaKWxeP-N0qV_A6A34yivKaaTR-ThhCjp58ICj8md1D0hD4o7jpYso6fk7Ki_QGnuKJyang9bimGFFJ4BANLjjaN9hilMIOnhPRSMcASWwBGfYJjOrnJaMl3ouzFVHLS6ef-MnJ4c_zhaV1NXhSpIrodKxBhi8CECsAoiuVpxVyffcpMcA8rwbLhSUmonM6g3o2BtmwG3aOelMKx5Tva6vkv7hLKsXPZaZyYjmDHae5eYSdFxdK6quCJi_ldtmEqOY-eLC8umyqQzMSwSw07EWJEPy7Y_pebGbRu-IMmWxVgyexzoN7_sJIGWh8CZDypINMKC0CIJlrU3MSllIrzEXCe4HUaPSS7tTWxzyw84nLnDTnfA1gK41IoDwBMr8maZBunFTzKuS_0lrAG8KLERL6x5UZhpOQVctWB9N3JF1A6b7Rxzd6Y7_z1WCFeAy0TLDv7jSC_JfXws3qZDsjdsLtMrwF-Dfz1K2BWCIiMR priority: 102 providerName: Taylor & Francis |
| Title | Colistin and its role in the Era of antibiotic resistance: an extended review (2000-2019) |
| URI | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/22221751.2020.1754133 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32284036 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2508725844 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2389695084 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC7241451 https://doaj.org/article/2cc21bc7c61743c484e41f8b9de779d3 |
| Volume | 9 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3raxQxEB_6ACmI-Pa0HhH8oB-2XnLZTSKI2HLlEFpEPDjxQ8hTC8euXreg3_wf_A_9S5zs4-yVSsEvC5vHcsnMZH4zl5kBeGrpyFkxdpnPg824bc9BnimvrEwAIvcp3vnouJjO-Nt5Pt-APqFCt4Gnl5p2qZ7UbLnY-_7tx2sU-FfdDbkXqOIQWOfJ2mPYJHI8mMebsI3KSaSiBkcd4m8OZ4E6mPI-ludfs3fgGnI6Gj9N6ua_CqvJ638hq-ll2PTiFctzOuvwJtzowCZ503LHLdgI5W243nrqSBuAdAc-HVSLJOglMaUnJ_UpSTcOCb4jNiSTpSFVxK4UW1Lhdwja5wlzIrO8xGbSe9FJGwRDnqWonN8_f6HKV8_vwuxw8uFgmnUlFzJXMFln3HvnnXUeUZfjwYwEM6Ngc6aCoUg2FhUToiikKSLujRI4No8IaqSxBVd0fA-2yqoMD4DQKEy0UkZaeLRxpLUmUBW8YcnzKvwAeL-v2nX5yFNZjIWmXdrSnjI6UUZ3lBnA3mra1zYhx1UT9hPRVoNTPu2moVp-1p14auYco9YJVyQLzXHJA6dRWuWDEMrjR9R5kuu6cafEtvaJHl_xA3Z7_tA9f2tEnlIwRH98AE9W3Sja6f8aU4bqDMcgmCxSlV4cc79lp9Uqeu4cgFhjtLVlrveUJ1-a9OEC5YLn9OF_z3wEO2l9rSNqF7bq5Vl4jNCstkPYHH2c4lPMxRC29yfH794PGzfHsBHDP4aDNNg |
| linkProvider | Scholars Portal |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Lb9QwELZKOYCEEG8WChgJJDiExl7HDySEoLTa0seplVbi4PoVqFQlZXcrxI3_wP_gR_FLmMlj6VaInnqM7Vh2ZjzzzcQzQ8gzz_Lg1TBksUg-E76VgyIz0XiNAKKIGO-8sytH--LjuBgvkV99LAxeq-xlYiOoYx3QR74KqlorDupSvD3-mmHVKPy72pfQaNliK33_Bibb9M3mB6Dvc8431vfWRllXVSALkutZJmIMMfgQAVgEkVyuuMuTL7hJjsHKeGm4UlJqJ0sQ70bB2KIEva2dl8KwIcx7iVwGxZujsafGau7TgeMjBRN9oJDOV0H7AuYv0BDl0KQK0BnDBRXYVAo4kyf1X2j37KXNU1pw4wa53sFX-q7lt5tkKVW3yLXW90fbkKbb5NNafYSio6KuivRwNqV4h5HCM6BNuj5xtC6hC6NVapiHgsWPKBbY7zU0094vT9uwGvoC43x-__gJIMK8vEP2L-Rz3yXLVV2l-4SyUrnSa10yGcFq0t67xEyKjqMvV8UBEf13taHLcI6FNo4s6xKh9uSwSA7bkWNAXs1fO25TfJz3wnsk2nwwZuhuGurJZ9sdeMtD4MwHFSTafEFokQQrtTcxKWUiTGJOk9zOGgdN2VZTscNzFrDS84ftRM7U_j0gA_J03g3CAv8AuSrVJzAG4KnEur8w5l7LTvNdgGQHY38oB0QtMNrCNhd7qsMvTUJyBTBQFOzB_5f1hFwZ7e1s2-3N3a2H5CpuqPVlrZDl2eQkPQJ0N_OPmyNFycFFn-E_jZBdiw |
| linkToPdf | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1baxQxFA61gghFvLtaNYKCPoxusplcBB-07bK1Wnyw0D6ludZCmSm7U8Sf5T_0ZDIzdIvSB-njJpmQ5FzynbM55yD00pKxs2LiCl8GWzCb9SArlFdWJgBR-hTv_HWXz_bY5_1yfwX97mNh0rPKZEPHnCii1dVJuE997F_EvYMrDYB0maw7Ck2iBEXc16_eCb9-gtW2-LC9CSR-Rel06_vGrOgKCxSOU9kUzHvnnXUesIVjwYwFNeNgS6qCIbA4GhUVgnNpeAQNrwSMLSNc3dJYzhSZwLzX0PUS7vpULWJ8MBvcOiBBnBHWxwr9a7VLt2BbLOBCqtS_Ad6L7zbPXYTT2-hWh2Dxx8xyd9BKqO6itez-wzmq6R462KhPkvaoMJwyPm4WOD1jxPAbACfemhtcR-hKASs1zIPB6E9AFjjwPTTj3jWPc2QNft2GpgOKUG_uo70rOewHaLWqq_AIYRKFiVbKSLgHs0laawJRwRuanLnCjxDrT1W7LsV5qrRxokmXCbUnhk7E0B0xRujt8NlpzvFx2QefEsmGwSlFd9tQz490J_GaOkeJdcLxZPQ5JllgJEqrfBBCeZhEnSe4bloPTczlVPTkkgWs99yhO52z0ABmpaAAKNkIvRi6QVukv4BMFeozGAP4lKfCvzDmYWamYReg2sHan_AREktstrTN5Z7q-EebkVwADmQlefwfW3qObnzbnOov27s7T9DN1JMdXetotZmfhacA_Rr7rBU2jA6vWrr_AAeEYLw |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colistin+and+its+role+in+the+Era+of+antibiotic+resistance%3A+an+extended+review+%282000%E2%80%932019%29&rft.jtitle=Emerging+microbes+%26+infections&rft.au=El-Sayed+Ahmed%2C+Mohamed+Abd+El-Gawad&rft.au=Zhong%2C+Lan-Lan&rft.au=Shen%2C+Cong&rft.au=Yang%2C+Yongqiang&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.eissn=2222-1751&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=868&rft.epage=885&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F22221751.2020.1754133&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32284036&rft.externalDocID=PMC7241451 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2222-1751&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2222-1751&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2222-1751&client=summon |