Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial

• Published in: The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 139
• Main Authors: Konieczna, Jadwiga, Romaguera, Dora, Pereira, Veronica, Fiol, Miguel, Razquin, Cristina, Estruch, Ramón, Asensio, Eva M., Babio, Nancy, Fitó, Montserrat, Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Ros, Emilio, Lapetra, José, Arós, Fernando, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Pintó, Xavier, Toledo, Estefanía, Sorlí, José V., Bulló, Monica, Schröder, Helmut, Martínez-González, Miguel A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 27.12.2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: abdominal fat; adiposity; Aged; Alcoholic beverages; alcohols; Animals; Beverages; Body mass index; Body weight; Body Weight - physiology; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Dairy products industry; Diet; Diet - methods; Dietary intake; Dietitians; Education; elderly; fast foods; Feeding Behavior - physiology; Female; Fertilizer industry; Food; Food consumption; food frequency questionnaires; Food habits; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Longitudinal study, repeated-measures data; low fat milk; Male; Middle Aged; Milk; nutrition assessment; Nutritional assessment; Obesity; Older people; Population; Potatoes; Processed foods; Questionnaires; red meat; risk; Risk Factors; The PREDIMED trial; Waist circumference; Waist Circumference - physiology; weight gain; white bread; Within-subjects design; Women; yogurt; Spain; Waist circumference; Dietary intake; The PREDIMED trial; Body weight; Longitudinal study, repeated-measures data
• ISSN: 1479-5868; 1479-5868
• DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0893-3

Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known. Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial. We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated 137-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for dietary assessment with yearly repeated measurements. We longitudinally assessed associations between yearly changes in food consumption (serving/d) and concurrent changes in weight (kg) or WC (cm). Yearly increments in weight were observed with increased consumption (kg per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) for refined grains (0.32 kg/serving/d), red meat (0.24), potatoes (0.23), alcoholic beverages (0.18), processed meat (0.15), white bread (0.07) and sweets (0.04); whereas inverse associations were detected for increased consumption of low-fat yogurt (- 0.18), and low-fat milk (- 0.06). Annual WC gain (cm per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) occurred with increased consumption of snacks, fast-foods and pre-prepared dishes (0.28), processed meat (0.18), alcoholic beverages (0.13), and sweets (0.08); whereas increased consumption of vegetables (- 0.23), and nuts (- 0.17), were associated with reductions in WC. In this assessment conducted in high-risk subjects using yearly repeated measurements of food habits and adiposity, some ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates (including white bread), potatoes, red meats and alcohol were associated with higher weight and WC gain, whereas increases in consumption of low-fat dairy products and plant foods were associated with less gain in weight and WC. This study was registered at controlled-trials.com with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.