Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus

Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., cro...

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Published inPloS one Vol. 12; no. 1; p. e0167876
Main Authors Hofmeister, Erik K, Lund, Melissa, Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie, Balakrishnan, Christopher N
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.01.2017
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Abstract Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.
AbstractList Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T . g . castanotis , we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T . g . guttata . Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.
Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the amplification of the virus. Arbovirus surveillance, observational studies and experimental studies have implicated passerine birds (songbirds, e.g., crows, American robins, house sparrows, and house finches) as significant reservoirs of WNV in North America, yet we lack a tractable passerine animal model for controlled studies of the virus. The zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) serves as a model system across a diversity of fields, and here we develop the zebra finch a songbird model for WNV. Like many natural hosts of WNV, we found that zebra finches developed sufficient viremia to serve as a competent host, yet in general resisted mortality from infection. In the Australian zebra finch (AZF) T. g. castanotis, we detected WNV in the majority of sampled tissues by 4 days post injection (dpi). However, WNV was not detected in tissues of sacrificed birds at 14 dpi, shortly after the development of detectable anti-WNV antibodies in the majority of birds indicating successful viral clearance. We compared susceptibility between the two zebra finch subspecies AZF and Timor zebra finch (TZF) T. g. guttata. Compared to AZF, WNV RNA was detected in a larger proportion of challenged TZF and molecular detection of virus in the serum of TZF was significantly higher than in AZF. Given the observed moderate host competence and disease susceptibility, we suggest that zebra finches are appropriate as models for the study of WNV and although underutilized in this respect, may be ideal models for the study of the many diseases carried and transmitted by songbirds.
Audience Academic
Author Shearn-Bochsler, Valerie
Lund, Melissa
Hofmeister, Erik K
Balakrishnan, Christopher N
AuthorAffiliation University of California Davis, UNITED STATES
2 East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
1 U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
These authors also contributed equally to this work.
Conceptualization: EH CB.Data curation: EH ML.Formal analysis: EH ML.Investigation: EH ML VSB.Methodology: EH ML.Project administration: EH CB.Resources: EH CB.Supervision: EH.Validation: EH.Visualization: EH CB.Writing – original draft: EH ML CB.Writing – review & editing: EH CB.
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Snippet Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999 a number of passerine bird species have been found to play a role in the...
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StartPage e0167876
SubjectTerms Age
Analysis
Animal behavior
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibody Formation
Antibody response
Arbovirus
Australia
Biology and life sciences
Bird Diseases - immunology
Bird Diseases - virology
Birds
Culicidae
Diptera
Disease
Disease Models, Animal
Disease Susceptibility
Domestication
Encephalitis
Finches
Finches - virology
Fringillidae
Genomes
Geology
Indonesia
Infections
Laboratories
Male
Medicine and health sciences
Mosquitoes
Passer domesticus
Physiological aspects
Regression Analysis
Research and Analysis Methods
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
Songbirds
Species Specificity
Taeniopygia guttata
Tissues
Veterinarians
Viremia
Viremia - immunology
Viruses
West Nile Fever - immunology
West Nile virus
West Nile virus - immunology
Zebra finch
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Title Susceptibility and Antibody Response of the Laboratory Model Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to West Nile Virus
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28045891
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1855060783
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1855329389
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1859487662
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC5207765
https://doaj.org/article/5d235ad8643d4117adab935d494088e7
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167876
Volume 12
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