The relationship between autophagy and the immune system and its applications for tumor immunotherapy

Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and t...

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Published inMolecular cancer Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 17 - 22
Main Authors Jiang, Guan-Min, Tan, Yuan, Wang, Hao, Peng, Liang, Chen, Hong-Tao, Meng, Xiao-Jun, Li, Ling-Ling, Liu, Yan, Li, Wen-Fang, Shan, Hong
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BioMed Central Ltd 24.01.2019
BioMed Central
BMC
Subjects
Animals
Antigen presentation
Antigens
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Autophagy - immunology
B cells
Cancer therapies
Cell cycle
Cell growth
Colorectal cancer
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Cytotoxicity
Development and progression
Drug therapy
Humans
Immune resistance
Immune response
Immune system
Immune System - immunology
Immunosurveillance
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Kinases
Metabolism
Metastasis
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
Phagocytosis
Prostate
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Tumor
Tumor cells
Tumor immunotherapy
Tumors
Tumor
Tumor immunotherapy
Immune resistance
Immune response
Autophagy
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Abstract Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
AbstractList Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a "double-edged sword" in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a “double-edged sword” in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
Abstract Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes (ATG). Autophagy is a “double-edged sword” in tumors. It can promote or suppress tumor development, which depends on the cell and tissue types and the stages of tumor. At present, tumor immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy against tumors. Recent studies have shown that autophagy significantly controls immune responses by modulating the functions of immune cells and the production of cytokines. Conversely, some cytokines and immune cells have a great effect on the function of autophagy. Therapies aiming at autophagy to enhance the immune responses and anti-tumor effects of immunotherapy have become the prospective strategy, with enhanced antigen presentation and higher sensitivity to CTLs. However, the induction of autophagy may also benefit tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and result in intrinsic resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy. Increasing studies have proven the optimal use of either ATG inducers or inhibitors can restrain tumor growth and progression by enhancing anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming the anti-tumor immune resistance in combination with several immunotherapeutic strategies, indicating that induction or inhibition of autophagy might show us a prospective therapeutic strategy when combined with immunotherapy. In this article, the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulating immune system, and the potential applications of autophagy in tumor immunotherapy will be discussed.
ArticleNumber 17
Audience Academic
Author Liu, Yan
Shan, Hong
Meng, Xiao-Jun
Li, Wen-Fang
Peng, Liang
Li, Ling-Ling
Tan, Yuan
Jiang, Guan-Min
Chen, Hong-Tao
Wang, Hao
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  givenname: Guan-Min
  surname: Jiang
  fullname: Jiang, Guan-Min
– sequence: 2
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  fullname: Tan, Yuan
– sequence: 3
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  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Hao
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Liang
  surname: Peng
  fullname: Peng, Liang
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Hong-Tao
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Hong-Tao
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Xiao-Jun
  surname: Meng
  fullname: Meng, Xiao-Jun
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Ling-Ling
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Ling-Ling
– sequence: 8
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  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Yan
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Wen-Fang
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Wen-Fang
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Hong
  surname: Shan
  fullname: Shan, Hong
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678689$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords Tumor
Tumor immunotherapy
Immune resistance
Immune response
Autophagy
Language English
License Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Snippet Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of autophagy-related genes...
Abstract Autophagy is a genetically well-controlled cellular process that is tightly controlled by a set of core genes, including the family of...
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SubjectTerms Animals
Antigen presentation
Antigens
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Autophagy - immunology
B cells
Cancer therapies
Cell cycle
Cell growth
Colorectal cancer
Cytokines
Cytokines - immunology
Cytotoxicity
Development and progression
Drug therapy
Humans
Immune resistance
Immune response
Immune system
Immune System - immunology
Immunosurveillance
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy - methods
Kinases
Metabolism
Metastasis
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - therapy
Phagocytosis
Prostate
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Tumor
Tumor cells
Tumor immunotherapy
Tumors
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Title The relationship between autophagy and the immune system and its applications for tumor immunotherapy
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30678689
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2183573968
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2179486182
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC6345046
https://doaj.org/article/116112f8480d456d91cc649db049ff70
Volume 18
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