Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: a systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence

• Published in: BMC psychiatry Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 356 - 10
• Main Authors: Sohn, Sei Yon, Rees, Philippa, Wildridge, Bethany, Kalk, Nicola J., Carter, Ben
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 29.11.2019; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Addictions; Adolescent; Analysis; Anxiety; Anxiety - epidemiology; Behavior, Addictive - epidemiology; Behavior, Addictive - psychology; Child; Child & adolescent psychiatry; Children; Cytochrome P-450; Depression; Depression (Mood disorder); Depression - epidemiology; Educational attainment; Educational Status; Female; Gambling; Health aspects; Humans; Male; Medical care utilization; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Mental Health; Meta-analysis; Objectives; Odds Ratio; Population; Prevalence; Problematic smartphone usage; Psychiatry; Psychological aspects; Public health; Public health movements; Quality; Reviews; Self Report; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders - epidemiology; Smart phones; Smartphone - statistics & numerical data; Smartphones; Social networks; Social research; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Systematic review; Technology; Young Adult; United Kingdom; Depression; Anxiety; Sleep; Problematic smartphone usage; Educational attainment
• ISSN: 1471-244X; 1471-244X
• DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x

Over the past decade, smartphone use has become widespread amongst today's children and young people (CYP) which parallels increases in poor mental health in this group. Simultaneously, media concern abounds about the existence of 'smartphone addiction' or problematic smartphone use....