Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects
Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We...
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| Published in | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 15 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
BioMed Central Ltd
04.04.2019
Taylor & Francis Ltd BioMed Central Taylor & Francis Group |
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| Abstract | Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid.
Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (S
) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver.
S
significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of S
to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated S
, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline S
(p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117).
We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research.
clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224 . Registered 08 June 2015. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Background Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Methods Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (Sosm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. Results Sosm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of Sosm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated Sosm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline Sosm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). Conclusion We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. Trial registration clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224. Registered 08 June 2015. Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (S.sub.osm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. S.sub.osm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 [+ or -] 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 [+ or -] 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of S.sub.osm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated S.sub.osm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline S.sub.osm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 [+ or -] 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 [+ or -] 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 [+ or -] 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 [+ or -] 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. Background Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Methods Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (Sosm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. Results Sosm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of Sosm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated Sosm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline Sosm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). Conclusion We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. Trial registration clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224. Registered 08 June 2015. BACKGROUNDExercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid.METHODSUsing a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (Sosm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver.RESULTSSosm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of Sosm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated Sosm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline Sosm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117).CONCLUSIONWe conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research.TRIAL REGISTRATIONclincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224 . Registered 08 June 2015. Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (S ) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. S significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 ± 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 ± 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of S to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated S , male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline S (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 ± 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 ± 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 ± 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 ± 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224 . Registered 08 June 2015. Background Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation. Evidence from previous studies supports the potential for deep-ocean mineral water to improve recovery of exercise performance post-exercise. We therefore wished to determine whether acute rehydration and muscle strength recovery was enhanced by deep-ocean mineral water following a dehydrating exercise, compared to a sports drink or mountain spring water. We hypothesized that muscle strength would decrease as a result of dehydrating exercise, and that recovery of muscle strength and hydration would depend on the type of rehydrating fluid. Methods Using a counterbalanced, crossover study design, female (n = 8) and male (n = 9) participants performed a dehydrating exercise protocol under heat stress until achieving 3% body mass loss. Participants rehydrated with either deep-ocean mineral water (Deep), mountain spring water (Spring), or a carbohydrate-based sports drink (Sports) at a volume equal to the volume of fluid loss. We measured relative hydration using salivary osmolality (S.sub.osm) and muscle strength using peak torque from a leg extension maneuver. Results S.sub.osm significantly increased (p < 0.0001) with loss of body mass during the dehydrating exercise protocol. Males took less time (90.0 [+ or -] 18.3 min; P < 0.0034) to reach 3% body mass loss when compared to females (127.1 [+ or -] 20.0 min). We used a mono-exponential model to fit the return of S.sub.osm to baseline values during the rehydrating phase. Whether fitting stimulated or unstimulated S.sub.osm, male and female participants receiving Deep as the hydrating fluid exhibited the most rapid return to baseline S.sub.osm (p < 0.0001) regardless of the fit parameter. Males compared to females generated more peak torque (p = 0.0005) at baseline (308.3 [+ or -] 56.7 Nm vs 172.8 [+ or -] 40.8 Nm, respectively) and immediately following 3% body mass loss (276.3 [+ or -] 39.5 Nm vs 153.5 [+ or -] 35.9 Nm). Participants experienced a loss. We also identified a significant effect of rehydrating fluid and sex on post-rehydration peak torque (p < 0.0117). Conclusion We conclude that deep-ocean mineral water positively affected hydration recovery after dehydrating exercise, and that it may also be beneficial for muscle strength recovery, although this, as well as the influence of sex, needs to be further examined by future research. Trial registration clincialtrials.gov PRS, NCT02486224. Registered 08 June 2015. Keywords: Dehydration, Exercise, Deep sea water, Humans, Sweat |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Harris, Preston R Koppinger, Matthew P Keen, Douglas A Hines, Eric Khalpey, Zain I Constantopoulos, Eleni Konhilas, John P Weninger, Savanna N |
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| Keywords | Exercise Dehydration Sweat Deep sea water Humans |
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| References | Kenney WL (CR30) 1985; 37 Maruf FA (CR24) 2012; 27 Cheuvront SN (CR3) 2003; 2 Munoz CX (CR18) 2014; 7 Bhave G (CR1) 2011; 22 Judelson DA (CR28) 2007; 39 Shibasaki M (CR4) 2006; 100 Fomin A (CR22) 2012; 12 Gutierrez A (CR33) 2003; 24 Galloway SD (CR16) 1997; 29 Fogt DL (CR27) 2017; 10 Murray R (CR37) 1999; 9 Du Bois D (CR20) 1989; 5 Sawka MN (CR29) 1999; 27 Gisolfi CV (CR34) 2001; 33 Sawka MN (CR11) 2015; 45 Itoh H (CR23) 2013; 61 Thomas DT (CR12) 2016; 48 Sawka MN (CR8) 1985; 59 Armstrong LE (CR9) 1985; 17 Cote AT (CR21) 2015; 25 Leiper JB (CR35) 2015; 73 Baker LB (CR31) 2017; 47 Murray R (CR36) 1987; 4 Bourque CW (CR2) 2008; 9 Ely BR (CR17) 2014; 114 Sydo N (CR25) 2014; 89 Hou CW (CR13) 2013; 10 Kaciuba-Uscilko H (CR26) 2001; 4 Lara B (CR5) 2017; 27 Wang ML (CR14) 2014; 31 Keen DA (CR15) 2016; 13 Fisher SK (CR7) 2010; 588 Sawka MNWCB (CR6) 1996 Cheuvront SN (CR19) 2010; 92 Judelson DA (CR32) 2007; 37 Maughan RJ (CR10) 2010; 20 |
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| Snippet | Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and thermoregulation.... Background Exercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and... BACKGROUNDExercise and heat trigger dehydration and an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, leading to deficits in exercise performance and... |
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| SubjectTerms | Alcohol Analysis Blood pressure Body water Body weight deep sea water dehydration Dietary minerals Dietary supplements Exercise Extracellular fluids Females Fluids Gender differences Health aspects Heart rate Heat Human subjects humans Hydration Mineral water Muscle strength Nutrition research Physical fitness Production increases sweat Women |
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| Title | Fluid type influences acute hydration and muscle performance recovery in human subjects |
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