Low brown adipose tissue activity in endurance-trained compared with lean sedentary men

Background/objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epide...

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Published inInternational Journal of Obesity Vol. 39; no. 12; pp. 1696 - 1702
Main Authors Vosselman, M J, Hoeks, J, Brans, B, Pallubinsky, H, Nascimento, E B M, van der Lans, A A J J, Broeders, E P M, Mottaghy, F M, Schrauwen, P, van Marken Lichtenbelt, W D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.12.2015
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
59/78
631/443/319
631/443/319/333/1465
692/53
692/699/2743/393
82/80
Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (brown)
Adipose Tissue, Brown - diagnostic imaging
Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism
Adipose tissues
Adult
Athletes
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Biopsy
Body composition
Body fat
Browning
Cold
Cold Temperature
Comparative analysis
Computed tomography
Cytokines
Diabetes
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fatigue tests
Fibronectins - blood
Fluorine isotopes
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 - metabolism
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Humans
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 - blood
Internal Medicine
Male
Males
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Membrane proteins
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Nutrition
Obesity
Observations
original-article
Physical Endurance
Physical training
Physiological aspects
Positron emission
Positron emission tomography
Positron-Emission Tomography - methods
Proteins
Public Health
Radiopharmaceuticals
Recruitment
Sedentary behavior
Sedentary Lifestyle
Skeletal muscle
Thermogenesis
Thinness
Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Netherlands
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract Background/objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males. Subjects/methods: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([ 18 F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. Results: Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
AbstractList Background/objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males. Subjects/methods: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([ 18 F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. Results: Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [[sup.18]F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([[sup.18]F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. RESULTS: Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans. International Journal of Obesity (2015) 39, 1696-1702; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.130
Background/objectives:It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males.Subjects/methods:Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18 F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT.Results:Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups.Conclusions:These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
Background/ objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males.Subjects/ methods: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [ super(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([ super(18)F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. Results: Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [[sup.18]F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([[sup.18]F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. International Journal of Obesity (2015) 39, 1696-1702; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.130
Background/objectives:It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males.Subjects/methods:Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT.Results:Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups.Conclusions:These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIt has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males.SUBJECTS/METHODSTwelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([(18)F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT.RESULTSCold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold stimulation. Recruitment of BAT has been postulated as a potential strategy to counteract the current global obesity epidemic. Recently, it was shown in rodents that endurance exercise training could stimulate the recruitment of brown-like adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) via exercise-induced myokines such as irisin (the cleaved circulating product of the type 1 membrane protein FNDC5) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to test whether endurance-trained athletes had increased cold-stimulated BAT activity and browning of subcutaneous WAT compared with lean sedentary males. Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT activity via [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([(18)F]FDG-PET-CT) scanning. Skeletal muscle FNDC5 expression, as well as plasma irisin and IL-6 levels were determined. In addition, a subcutaneous abdominal WAT biopsy was taken to measure gene expression of several markers for browning of WAT. Cold-induced BAT activity was significantly lower in athletes, and no differences in gene expression of classical brown and beige adipocyte markers were detected in subcutaneous WAT between the groups. As expected, mRNA expression of FNDC5 in skeletal muscle was significantly higher in endurance athletes but plasma irisin and Il-6 levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate that chronic endurance exercise is not associated with brown and beige adipocyte recruitment; in fact endurance training appears to be linked to lower the metabolic activity of BAT in humans.
Audience Academic
Author Pallubinsky, H
Nascimento, E B M
Broeders, E P M
Brans, B
Vosselman, M J
Hoeks, J
Mottaghy, F M
van der Lans, A A J J
Schrauwen, P
van Marken Lichtenbelt, W D
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  surname: Hoeks
  fullname: Hoeks, J
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
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  givenname: B
  surname: Brans
  fullname: Brans, B
  organization: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center
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  surname: Pallubinsky
  fullname: Pallubinsky, H
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
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  givenname: E B M
  surname: Nascimento
  fullname: Nascimento, E B M
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
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  givenname: A A J J
  surname: van der Lans
  fullname: van der Lans, A A J J
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
– sequence: 7
  givenname: E P M
  surname: Broeders
  fullname: Broeders, E P M
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
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  givenname: F M
  surname: Mottaghy
  fullname: Mottaghy, F M
  organization: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center
– sequence: 9
  givenname: P
  surname: Schrauwen
  fullname: Schrauwen, P
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
– sequence: 10
  givenname: W D
  surname: van Marken Lichtenbelt
  fullname: van Marken Lichtenbelt, W D
  email: markenlichtenbelt@maastrichtuniversity.nl
  organization: Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189600$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Background/objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited...
It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited upon chronic cold...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited...
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Twelve endurance-trained athletes and 12 lean sedentary males were measured during 2 h of mild cold exposure to determine cold-induced BAT...
Background/objectives:It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESIt has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be recruited...
Background/ objectives: It has now been unequivocally demonstrated that humans possess functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) and that human BAT can be...
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SubjectTerms 59/78
631/443/319
631/443/319/333/1465
692/53
692/699/2743/393
82/80
Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (brown)
Adipose Tissue, Brown - diagnostic imaging
Adipose Tissue, Brown - metabolism
Adipose tissues
Adult
Athletes
Biomarkers
Biomarkers - metabolism
Biopsy
Body composition
Body fat
Browning
Cold
Cold Temperature
Comparative analysis
Computed tomography
Cytokines
Diabetes
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Fatigue tests
Fibronectins - blood
Fluorine isotopes
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 - metabolism
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Humans
Interleukin 6
Interleukin-6 - blood
Internal Medicine
Male
Males
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Membrane proteins
Metabolic Diseases
Metabolism
Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging
Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism
Muscles
Musculoskeletal system
Nutrition
Obesity
Observations
original-article
Physical Endurance
Physical training
Physiological aspects
Positron emission
Positron emission tomography
Positron-Emission Tomography - methods
Proteins
Public Health
Radiopharmaceuticals
Recruitment
Sedentary behavior
Sedentary Lifestyle
Skeletal muscle
Thermogenesis
Thinness
Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Title Low brown adipose tissue activity in endurance-trained compared with lean sedentary men
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/ijo.2015.130
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189600
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1746498908
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2331632389
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1747329583
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1765982951
Volume 39
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