The global burden of trichiasis in 2016

Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and...

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Published inPLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 13; no. 11; p. e0007835
Main Authors Flueckiger, Rebecca M, Courtright, Paul, Abdala, Mariamo, Abdou, Amza, Abdulnafea, Zaid, Al-Khatib, Tawfik K, Amer, Khaled, Amiel, Olga Nelson, Awoussi, Sossinou, Bakhtiari, Ana, Batcho, Wilfried, Bella, Assumpta Lucienne, Bennawi, Kamal Hashim, Brooker, Simon J, Chu, Brian K, Dejene, Michael, Dezoumbe, Djore, Elshafie, Balgesa Elkheir, Elvis, Aba Ange, Fabrice, Djouma Nembot, Omar, Fatma Juma, François, Missamou, François, Drabo, Garap, Jambi, Gichangi, Michael, Goepogui, André, Hammou, Jaouad, Kadri, Boubacar, Kabona, George, Kabore, Martin, Kalua, Khumbo, Kamugisha, Mathias, Kebede, Biruck, Keita, Kaba, Khan, Asad Aslam, Kiflu, Genet, Yibi, Makoy, Mackline, Garae, Macleod, Colin, Manangazira, Portia, Masika, Michael P, Massangaie, Marilia, Mduluza, Takafira, Meno, Nabicassa, Midzi, Nicholas, Minnih, Abdallahi Ould, Mishra, Sailesh, Mpyet, Caleb, Muraguri, Nicholas, Mwingira, Upendo, Nassirou, Beido, Ndjemba, Jean, Nieba, Cece, Ngondi, Jeremiah, Olobio, Nicholas, Pavluck, Alex, Phiri, Isaac, Pullan, Rachel, Qureshi, Babar, Sarr, Boubacar, Seiha, Do, Chávez, Gloria Marina Serrano, Sharma, Shekhar, Sisaleumsak, Siphetthavong, Southisombath, Khamphoua, Stevens, Gretchen, Woldendrias, Andeberhan Tesfazion, Traoré, Lamine, Turyaguma, Patrick, Willis, Rebecca, Yaya, Georges, Yeo, Souleymane, Zambroni, Francisco, Zhao, Jialiang, Solomon, Anthony W
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Public Library of Science 01.11.2019
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biology and Life Sciences
Blindness
Child welfare
Computer and Information Sciences
Confidence intervals
Corrections
Countries
Data
Disease control
Disease prevention
Earth Sciences
Epidemiology
Estimates
Female
Geographical distribution
Global Health
Humans
Hygiene
Male
Management services
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Population
Prevalence
Public health
Research and Analysis Methods
Resource allocation
Sex
Social Sciences
Task forces
Trachoma
Trichiasis - epidemiology
Tropical diseases
Young Adult
Nigeria
Mali
Ethiopia
Atlanta Georgia
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Niger
Tanzania
Sudan
Kenya
Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Mozambique
Burkina Faso
Malawi
Guatemala
Zimbabwe
Nepal
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Abstract Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand-1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03-2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by ×0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283-557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand-1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1-5.2 million). The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
AbstractList BackgroundTrichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation.MethodsWe obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available.FindingsInternally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand-1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03-2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by ×0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283-557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand-1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1-5.2 million).InterpretationThe 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand-1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03-2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by x0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283-557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand-1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1-5.2 million).
Background Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. Methods We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Findings Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand–1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03–2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by ×0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283–557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand–1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1–5.2 million). Interpretation The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
Background Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. Methods We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Findings Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand-1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03-2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by x0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283-557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand-1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1-5.2 million). Interpretation The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
Background Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. Methods We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Findings Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand–1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03–2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by ×0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283–557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand–1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1–5.2 million). Interpretation The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their geographical distribution, help guide resource allocation. We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates in adults for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used (1) the most recent data for a district, if more than one estimate was available; (2) age- and sex-standardized corrections of historic estimates, where raw data were available; (3) historic estimates adjusted using a mean adjustment factor for districts where raw data were unavailable; and (4) expert assessment of available data for districts for which no prevalence estimates were available. Internally age- and sex-standardized data represented 1,355 districts and contributed 662 thousand cases (95% confidence interval [CI] 324 thousand-1.1 million) to the global total. Age- and sex-standardized district-level prevalence estimates differed from raw estimates by a mean factor of 0.45 (range 0.03-2.28). Previously non- stratified estimates for 398 districts, adjusted by ×0.45, contributed a further 411 thousand cases (95% CI 283-557 thousand). Eight countries retained previous estimates, contributing 848 thousand cases (95% CI 225 thousand-1.7 million). New expert assessments in 14 countries contributed 862 thousand cases (95% CI 228 thousand-1.7 million). The global trichiasis burden in 2016 was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1-5.2 million). The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
As an individual with trichiasis blinks, the eyelashes abrade the cornea, which can lead to corneal opacity and blindness. Through high quality surgery, which involves altering the position of the eyelid margin, it is possible to reduce the number of people with trichiasis. Accurate estimates of the number of persons with trichiasis and their geographical distribution are needed in order to effectively align resources for surgery and other necessary services. We obtained district-level trichiasis prevalence estimates for 44 endemic and previously-endemic countries. We used the most recently available data and expert assessments to estimate the global burden of trichiasis. We estimated that in 2016 the global burden was 2.8 million cases (95% CI 1.1–5.2 million). The 2016 estimate is lower than previous estimates, probably due to more and better data; scale-up of trichiasis management services; and reductions in incidence due to lower active trachoma prevalence.
Audience Academic
Author Goepogui, André
Garap, Jambi
Macleod, Colin
Zhao, Jialiang
Awoussi, Sossinou
Kabona, George
Ngondi, Jeremiah
Hammou, Jaouad
Yaya, Georges
Flueckiger, Rebecca M
Kalua, Khumbo
Bakhtiari, Ana
Traoré, Lamine
Minnih, Abdallahi Ould
Kadri, Boubacar
Chávez, Gloria Marina Serrano
Abdulnafea, Zaid
Elshafie, Balgesa Elkheir
Khan, Asad Aslam
Pullan, Rachel
Abdou, Amza
Kabore, Martin
Massangaie, Marilia
Sisaleumsak, Siphetthavong
Kiflu, Genet
Amiel, Olga Nelson
Chu, Brian K
Mpyet, Caleb
Batcho, Wilfried
Phiri, Isaac
Amer, Khaled
François, Missamou
Stevens, Gretchen
Omar, Fatma Juma
Ndjemba, Jean
Dezoumbe, Djore
Mackline, Garae
Zambroni, Francisco
Keita, Kaba
Sharma, Shekhar
François, Drabo
Masika, Michael P
Mwingira, Upendo
Kamugisha, Mathias
Mduluza, Takafira
Meno, Nabicassa
Yibi, Makoy
Southisombath, Khamphoua
Fabrice, Djouma Nembot
Manangazira, Portia
Seiha, Do
Nassirou, Beido
Bennawi, Kamal Hashim
Turyaguma, Patrick
Pavluck, Alex
Abdala, Mariamo
Courtright, Paul
Mishra, Sailesh
Solomon, Anthony W
Woldendrias, Andeberhan Tesfazion
Gichangi, Michael
Sarr,
AuthorAffiliation 11 Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Benin
23 Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
35 Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
42 Sightsavers Nigeria, Kaduna, Nigeria & Department of Ophthalmology, Jos University, Jos, Nigeria
55 Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
2 Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
10 The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
30 Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
28 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
45 RTI International, Washington DC, USA
43 RTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
56 Trachoma Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
14 Global Health, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
49 Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
34 Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health & Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe
46 Christian Blind Miss
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 49 Ministry of Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
– name: 20 Bureau des Maladies Oculaires, Ministère de la Santé, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
– name: 27 l'unité d'élimination du trachome, PNMTN, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
– name: 54 Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea
– name: 47 Ministère de la santé et de l’Action Sociale, Dakar, Senegal
– name: 16 Ministère de la Santé, N'Djamena, Chad
– name: 41 Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh, Kathmandu, Nepal
– name: 23 Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
– name: 19 Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
– name: 48 Prevention of Blindness Programme, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
– name: University of California Davis, UNITED STATES
– name: 11 Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Benin
– name: 25 Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
– name: 34 Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Ministry of Health & Child Welfare, Harare, Zimbabwe
– name: 8 Ministerio da Saude, Maputo, Mozambique
– name: 44 Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
– name: 1 Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
– name: 52 National Program for the Prevention of Blindness, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
– name: 28 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
– name: 37 Department of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
– name: 57 Ministère de la Santé Publique, Bangui, Central African Republic
– name: 50 Ministry of Health, Kathmandu, Nepal
– name: 39 Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
– name: 22 National Department of Health, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
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– name: 32 Ministry of Health, South Sudan
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– name: 6 National Eye Health Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen
– name: 14 Global Health, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
– name: 56 Trachoma Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
– name: 30 Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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– name: 17 Trachoma Control Program, National Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
– name: 10 The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
– name: 26 Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
– name: 7 Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
– name: 33 Ministry of Health, Port Vila, Vanuatu
– name: 36 Ministerio da Saude, Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Maputo, Mozambique
– name: 53 Department of Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
– name: 59 Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
– name: 21 Programme national de lutte contre les maladies tropicales négligées (PNMTN), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
– name: 38 Ministère de la Santé, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
– name: 51 National Ophthalmology Centre, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
– name: 40 Minister de la Sante, Nouakchott, Mauritania
– name: 5 Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
– name: 29 National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
– name: 35 Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi
– name: 42 Sightsavers Nigeria, Kaduna, Nigeria & Department of Ophthalmology, Jos University, Jos, Nigeria
– name: 18 Programme National de la Santé Oculaire et de la lutte contre l'Onchocercose, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
– name: 13 Prevention of Blindness Program, Khartoum, Sudan
– name: 46 Christian Blind Mission, Bensheim, Germany
– name: 43 RTI International, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
– name: 55 Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
– name: 58 Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical Colllege Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
– name: 31 Ministry of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
– name: 2 Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
– name: 12 Ministère de la Santé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
– name: 9 Ministère de la Santé, Lomé, Togo
– name: 45 RTI International, Washington DC, USA
– name: 15 Michael Dejene Public Health Consultancy Services, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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  fullname: Abdala, Mariamo
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  givenname: Zaid
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  organization: Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Benin
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  organization: Ministère de la Santé, Yaoundé, Cameroun
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  surname: Bennawi
  fullname: Bennawi, Kamal Hashim
  organization: Prevention of Blindness Program, Khartoum, Sudan
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Simon J
  surname: Brooker
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  organization: Global Health, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
– sequence: 15
  givenname: Brian K
  surname: Chu
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  organization: The Task Force for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Michael
  surname: Dejene
  fullname: Dejene, Michael
  organization: Michael Dejene Public Health Consultancy Services, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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  surname: Dezoumbe
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  organization: Ministère de la Santé, N'Djamena, Chad
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  givenname: Balgesa Elkheir
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  fullname: Elshafie, Balgesa Elkheir
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– sequence: 19
  givenname: Aba Ange
  surname: Elvis
  fullname: Elvis, Aba Ange
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– sequence: 20
  givenname: Djouma Nembot
  surname: Fabrice
  fullname: Fabrice, Djouma Nembot
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  givenname: Fatma Juma
  surname: Omar
  fullname: Omar, Fatma Juma
  organization: Ministry of Health, Zanzibar, United Republic of Tanzania
– sequence: 22
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  surname: François
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  organization: Bureau des Maladies Oculaires, Ministère de la Santé, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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  givenname: Drabo
  surname: François
  fullname: François, Drabo
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  surname: Garap
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  surname: Gichangi
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  organization: Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
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  givenname: Jaouad
  surname: Hammou
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  organization: Ministère de la Santé et de la population, Niamey, Niger
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  surname: Kabona
  fullname: Kabona, George
  organization: Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
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  surname: Kabore
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  organization: l'unité d'élimination du trachome, PNMTN, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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  givenname: Khumbo
  surname: Kalua
  fullname: Kalua, Khumbo
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  givenname: Mathias
  surname: Kamugisha
  fullname: Kamugisha, Mathias
  organization: National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
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  surname: Kebede
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  surname: Keita
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  surname: Khan
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Snippet Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and their...
Background Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and...
BACKGROUNDTrichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and...
As an individual with trichiasis blinks, the eyelashes abrade the cornea, which can lead to corneal opacity and blindness. Through high quality surgery, which...
BackgroundTrichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and...
Background Trichiasis is present when one or more eyelashes touches the eye. Uncorrected, it can cause blindness. Accurate estimates of numbers affected, and...
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pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
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StartPage e0007835
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Adults
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biology and Life Sciences
Blindness
Child welfare
Computer and Information Sciences
Confidence intervals
Corrections
Countries
Data
Disease control
Disease prevention
Earth Sciences
Epidemiology
Estimates
Female
Geographical distribution
Global Health
Humans
Hygiene
Male
Management services
Medicine
Medicine and Health Sciences
Middle Aged
Population
Prevalence
Public health
Research and Analysis Methods
Resource allocation
Sex
Social Sciences
Task forces
Trachoma
Trichiasis - epidemiology
Tropical diseases
Young Adult
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Title The global burden of trichiasis in 2016
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31765415
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007835
Volume 13
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