Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity: The Dynamic Response to a Step Hypercapnic Stimulus

We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2): % Δ S/Δ PCO2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static compo...

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Published in	Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Vol. 35; no. 11; pp. 1746 - 1756
Main Authors	Poublanc, Julien, Crawley, Adrian P, Sobczyk, Olivia, Montandon, Gaspard, Sam, Kevin, Mandell, Daniel M, Dufort, Paul, Venkatraghavan, Lashmikumar, Duffin, James, Mikulis, David J, Fisher, Joseph A
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	London, England SAGE Publications 01.11.2015 Sage Publications Ltd Nature Publishing Group
Subjects	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Brain Mapping Carbon Dioxide - blood Carotid Stenosis - blood Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology Cerebrovascular Circulation Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood Cerebrovascular Disorders - physiopathology Female Functional Laterality Humans Hypercapnia - physiopathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Original Oxygen - blood carbon dioxide hypercapnia cerebrovascular reactivity dynamic response time constant humans BOLD signal
Online Access	Get full text
ISSN	0271-678X 1559-7016 1559-7016
DOI	10.1038/jcbfm.2015.114

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Abstract	We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2): % Δ S/Δ PCO2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR.
AbstractList	We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO 2 (PCO 2 ): % Δ S/Δ PCO 2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO 2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO 2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO 2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO 2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR. We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2): % Δ S/Δ PCO2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR.We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2): % Δ S/Δ PCO2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR. We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2 ): % Δ S/Δ PCO2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR. We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO sub(2) (PCO sub(2)): % Delta S/ Delta PCO sub(2) mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO sub(2) and monitored S. We convolved the PCO sub(2) with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant tau was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The tau corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO sub(2) was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO sub(2) represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of tau and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. tau and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR. We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to an increase in blood partial pressure of CO 2 (PCO 2 ): % Δ S/Δ PCO 2 mm Hg. Our aim was to further characterize CVR into dynamic and static components and then study 46 healthy subjects collated into a reference atlas and 20 patients with unilateral carotid artery stenosis. We applied an abrupt boxcar change in PCO 2 and monitored S. We convolved the PCO 2 with a set of first-order exponential functions whose time constant τ was increased in 2-second intervals between 2 and 100 seconds. The τ corresponding to the best fit between S and the convolved PCO 2 was used to score the speed of response. Additionally, the slope of the regression between S and the convolved PCO 2 represents the steady-state CVR (ssCVR). We found that both prolongations of τ and reductions in ssCVR (compared with the reference atlas) were associated with the reductions in CVR on the side of the lesion. τ and ssCVR are respectively the dynamic and static components of measured CVR.
Author	Mandell, Daniel M Sobczyk, Olivia Venkatraghavan, Lashmikumar Dufort, Paul Crawley, Adrian P Sam, Kevin Poublanc, Julien Duffin, James Montandon, Gaspard Mikulis, David J Fisher, Joseph A
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BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26126862$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Copyright	2015 ISCBFM Copyright Nature Publishing Group Nov 2015 Copyright © 2015 International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Inc. 2015 International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Inc.
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Keywords	carbon dioxide hypercapnia cerebrovascular reactivity dynamic response time constant humans BOLD signal
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Snippet	We define cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) as the ratio of the change in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal (S) to...
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Brain Mapping Carbon Dioxide - blood Carotid Stenosis - blood Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology Cerebrovascular Circulation Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood Cerebrovascular Disorders - physiopathology Female Functional Laterality Humans Hypercapnia - physiopathology Magnetic Resonance Imaging Male Middle Aged Original Oxygen - blood
Title	Measuring Cerebrovascular Reactivity: The Dynamic Response to a Step Hypercapnic Stimulus
URI	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.114 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26126862 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1728248536 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1728675235 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1765983166 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4635229
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