A standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand

Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, are frequently ingested by organisms, and may potentially cause harm. A range of studies have found significant levels of microplastics in beach sand. However, there is a considerable amount of methodological variability among these studies. Methodolo...

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Published inMarine pollution bulletin Vol. 114; no. 1; pp. 77 - 83
Main Authors Besley, Aiken, Vijver, Martina G., Behrens, Paul, Bosker, Thijs
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 15.01.2017
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Abstract Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, are frequently ingested by organisms, and may potentially cause harm. A range of studies have found significant levels of microplastics in beach sand. However, there is a considerable amount of methodological variability among these studies. Methodological variation currently limits comparisons as there is no standard procedure for sampling or extraction of microplastics. We identify key sampling and extraction procedures across the literature through a detailed review. We find that sampling depth, sampling location, number of repeat extractions, and settling times are the critical parameters of variation. Next, using a case-study we determine whether and to what extent these differences impact study outcomes. By investigating the common practices identified in the literature with the case-study, we provide a standard operating procedure for sampling and extracting microplastics from beach sand. [Display omitted] •Significant variation in methods exists when quantifying microplastics on beaches.•These variations impede efforts to compare across studies.•A literature review was used to identify key areas which require standardization.•A case-study was used to determine impacts of these key methodological variations.•Based on the outcomes, a standard operating procedure was developed.
AbstractList Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, are frequently ingested by organisms, and may potentially cause harm. A range of studies have found significant levels of microplastics in beach sand. However, there is a considerable amount of methodological variability among these studies. Methodological variation currently limits comparisons as there is no standard procedure for sampling or extraction of microplastics. We identify key sampling and extraction procedures across the literature through a detailed review. We find that sampling depth, sampling location, number of repeat extractions, and settling times are the critical parameters of variation. Next, using a case-study we determine whether and to what extent these differences impact study outcomes. By investigating the common practices identified in the literature with the case-study, we provide a standard operating procedure for sampling and extracting microplastics from beach sand.
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, are frequently ingested by organisms, and may potentially cause harm. A range of studies have found significant levels of microplastics in beach sand. However, there is a considerable amount of methodological variability among these studies. Methodological variation currently limits comparisons as there is no standard procedure for sampling or extraction of microplastics. We identify key sampling and extraction procedures across the literature through a detailed review. We find that sampling depth, sampling location, number of repeat extractions, and settling times are the critical parameters of variation. Next, using a case-study we determine whether and to what extent these differences impact study outcomes. By investigating the common practices identified in the literature with the case-study, we provide a standard operating procedure for sampling and extracting microplastics from beach sand. [Display omitted] •Significant variation in methods exists when quantifying microplastics on beaches.•These variations impede efforts to compare across studies.•A literature review was used to identify key areas which require standardization.•A case-study was used to determine impacts of these key methodological variations.•Based on the outcomes, a standard operating procedure was developed.
Author Bosker, Thijs
Vijver, Martina G.
Besley, Aiken
Behrens, Paul
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Aiken
  surname: Besley
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  email: Aiken12@hotmail.com
  organization: Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EE The Hague, The Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Martina G.
  surname: Vijver
  fullname: Vijver, Martina G.
  email: vijver@cml.leidenuniv.nl
  organization: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Paul
  surname: Behrens
  fullname: Behrens, Paul
  email: p.a.behrens@luc.leidenuniv.nl
  organization: Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EE The Hague, The Netherlands
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  givenname: Thijs
  surname: Bosker
  fullname: Bosker, Thijs
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  organization: Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EE The Hague, The Netherlands
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614562$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Fri Oct 25 23:08:36 EDT 2024
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Issue 1
Keywords Beach sampling
Microplastics
Extraction
Standard operating procedure
Method standardization
Language English
License Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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PublicationTitle Marine pollution bulletin
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Snippet Microplastics are ubiquitous in the environment, are frequently ingested by organisms, and may potentially cause harm. A range of studies have found...
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StartPage 77
SubjectTerms Beach sampling
Environment
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental Monitoring - standards
Extraction
Geologic Sediments - chemistry
Marine
Method standardization
Microplastics
Plastics - analysis
Standard operating procedure
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Title A standardized method for sampling and extraction methods for quantifying microplastics in beach sand
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.055
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27614562
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1856868220
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1859489942
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1919963176
Volume 114
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